Chlormequat bụ aonye na-ahụ maka uto osisionye ojiji ya na ọka ọka na-abawanye na North America.Ọmụmụ ihe gbasara toxicology egosila na ikpughe na chlormequat nwere ike ibelata ọmụmụ ma bute mmerụ ahụ n'ahụ nwa ebu n'afọ na-eto eto na usoro onunu n'okpuru usoro ikike kwa ụbọchị nke ndị ọrụ nchịkwa guzobere.N'ebe a, anyị na-akọ na ọnụnọ chlormequat dị n'ụdị mmamịrị anakọtara site na ọnụ ọgụgụ US, yana ọnụego nchọpụta nke 69%, 74% na 90% n'omume anakọtara na 2017, 2018-2022, na 2023, n'otu n'otu.Site na 2017 ruo 2022, achọpụtara obere chlormequat na nlele, na site na 2023, mkpokọta chlormequat na nlele mụbara nke ukwuu.Anyị chọpụtakwara na a na-ahụ chlormequat ugboro ugboro na ngwaahịa oat.Nsonaazụ ndị a na data nsi maka chlormequat na-ewelite nchegbu banyere ọkwa mkpughe ugbu a ma kpọọ maka nnwale nsi nke ukwuu, nyocha nri, na ọmụmụ ọrịa na-efe efe iji chọpụta mmetụta mkpughe chlormequat na ahụike mmadụ.
Ọmụmụ ihe a na-akọ nchọpụta mbụ nke chlormequat, agrochemical nke nwere nsi mmepe na ịmụ nwa, na ndị US na nri US.Ọ bụ ezie na ahụrụ ọkwa kemịkalụ yiri nke ahụ n'ụdị mmamịrị site na 2017 ruo 2022, ahụrụ ọkwa dị elu nke ukwuu na nlele 2023.Ọrụ a na-akọwapụta mkpa ọ dị maka nleba anya sara mbara nke chlormequat na nri na ihe nlele mmadụ na United States, yana toxicology na toxicology.Ọmụmụ ọrịa na-efe efe nke chlormequat, ebe kemịkalụ a bụ ihe na-efe efe na-enwe mmetụta ọjọọ ahụike edepụtara na obere doses na ọmụmụ anụmanụ.
Chlormequat bụ kemịkalụ ugbo nke izizi edebara aha na United States na 1962 dị ka onye na-ahazi uto osisi.Ọ bụ ezie na ugbu a naanị ikike maka iji osisi ịchọ mma na United States, mkpebi 2018 US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) nyere ohere ibubata ngwaahịa nri (karịsịa ọka) ejiri chlormequat [1].Na EU, UK na Canada, chlormequat akwadoro maka iji ihe ọkụkụ nri, ọkachasị ọka wit, ọka na ọka bali.Chlormequat nwere ike ibelata ịdị elu nke osisi ahụ, si otú a na-ebelata ohere nke ihe ọkụkụ na-agbagọ, na-eme ka owuwe ihe ubi sie ike.Na UK na EU, chlormequat n'ozuzu bụ ihe fọdụrụ na pesticide kachasị achọpụta na ọka na ọka, dị ka edere na nyocha nlekota ogologo oge [2, 3].
Ọ bụ ezie na a kwadoro chlormequat maka iji ihe ọkụkụ n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke Europe na North America, ọ na-egosipụta ihe ndị na-egbu egbu dabere na akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọmụmụ ihe nyocha anụmanụ nke ebipụtara na nso nso a.A kọwapụtara mmetụta nke mkpughe chlormequat na nsi ọmụmụ na ọmụmụ na mbido 1980 site n'aka ndị ọrụ ugbo ezì Danish bụ ndị hụrụ mbelata arụmọrụ ọmụmụ n'ime ezi ndị a zụlitere na ọka chlormequat na-agwọ.E mechara nyochaa nyocha ndị a na nyocha ụlọ nyocha a na-achịkwa na ezì na ụmụ oke, nke ezi ụmụ nwanyị na-eri nri chlormequat na-edozi ọka gosipụtara ọgba aghara na okirikiri estrous na mating ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụmụ anụmanụ na-achịkwa nri na-enweghị chlormequat.Na mgbakwunye, ụmụ oke nwoke ekpughere na chlormequat site na nri ma ọ bụ mmiri ọñụụ n'oge mmepe gosiri mbelata ikike iji fatịlaịza spam na vitro.Ihe omumu ihe omumu nke chlormequat n'oge na-adịbeghị anya egosila na ikpughe oke na chlormequat n'oge oge mmepe nke nwere mmetụta dị nro, gụnyere ime ime na mmalite ndụ, mere ka oge ntozu na-egbu oge, mbelata sperm motility, ibelata ibu akụkụ ọmụmụ nwoke, na mbelata ọkwa testosterone.Ọmụmụ nsi nke mmepe na-egosikwa na ikpughe na chlormequat n'oge ime ime nwere ike ịkpata uto nwa ebu n'afọ na ọrịa metabolic.Ọmụmụ ihe ndị ọzọ achọpụtala mmetụta ọ bụla nke chlormequat na ọrụ ịmụ nwa na ụmụ oke ụmụ nwanyị na ezi nwoke, ọ dịghịkwa ọmụmụ ihe na-esote achọpụtala mmetụta nke chlormequat na ọmụmụ nke ụmụ oke nwoke na-ekpughe chlormequat n'oge mmepe na ndụ postnatal.Ihe data nha anya na chlormequat na akwụkwọ toxicological nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ọdịiche dị na nha ule na nha, yana nhọrọ nke ụdị ihe nlere anya na mmekọahụ nke anụmanụ nnwale.Ya mere, nyocha ọzọ dị mkpa.
Ọ bụ ezie na nchọpụta toxicological n'oge na-adịbeghị anya gosipụtara mmetụta nke chlormequat na mmepe, mmeputakwa na usoro endocrine, a maghị usoro ndị a na-emetụta mmetụta toxicological.Nnyocha ụfọdụ na-egosi na chlormequat nwere ike ọ gaghị eme site na usoro akọwapụtara nke ọma nke kemịkalụ endocrine na-akpaghasị, gụnyere estrogen ma ọ bụ ndị na-anabata androgen, ma ọ dịghị agbanwe ọrụ aromatase.Ihe akaebe ndị ọzọ na-egosi na chlormequat nwere ike ịkpata mmetụta dị n'akụkụ site n'ịgbanwe biosynthesis steroid na ịkpata nrụgide endoplasmic reticulum.
Ọ bụ ezie na chlormequat dị ebe niile na nri ndị Europe na-ahụkarị, ọnụọgụ nyocha biomonitoring na-enyocha mkpughe mmadụ na chlormequat dị ntakịrị.Chlormequat nwere obere ndụ ọkara ndụ n'ime ahụ, ihe dịka awa 2-3, yana n'ọmụmụ ihe metụtara ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mmadụ, a kpochapụrụ ọtụtụ nnwale nnwale na ahụ n'ime awa 24.N'ihe atụ ndị mmadụ n'ozuzu sitere na UK na Sweden, achọpụtara chlormequat n'ime mmamịrị ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 100% nke ndị sonyere n'ọmụmụ ihe n'ogo dị elu karịa ọgwụ nje ndị ọzọ dị ka chlorpyrifos, pyrethroids, thiabendazole na mancozeb metabolites.Nnyocha e mere na ezì egosiwo na chlormequat nwekwara ike ịchọta na serum na enwere ike ibufe ya na mmiri ara ehi, mana amụbeghị matrices ndị a na ụmụ mmadụ ma ọ bụ ụdị anụmanụ ndị ọzọ na-anwale, ọ bụ ezie na ọnụnọ ya na serum na mmiri ara ehi nwere ike jikọta ya na mmebi ọmụmụ sitere na ụmụ anụmanụ. kemikal..Enwere mmetụta dị mkpa nke ikpughe n'oge ime na ụmụ ọhụrụ .
N'April 2018, US Environmental Protection Agency kwupụtara ọkwa nnabata nri anabatara maka chlormequat na ọka oat, ọka wit, ọka bali na ụfọdụ ngwaahịa anụmanụ, na-ekwe ka ebubata chlormequat n'ime nri US.Emechara abawanye ọdịnaya oat a na-anabata na 2020. Iji mara mmetụta mkpebi ndị a nwere na nhụsianya na mmụba nke chlormequat na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị okenye US, nchọpụta pilot a tụrụ ọnụọgụ chlormequat n'ime mmamịrị ndị sitere na mpaghara mpaghara atọ US site na 2017. ruo 2023 na ọzọ na 2022. na chlormequat ọdịnaya nke oat na ọka ọka zụrụ na United States na 2023.
A na-eji ihe atụ anakọtara na mpaghara ala atọ n'etiti 2017 na 2023 iji tụọ ọkwa urinary nke chlormequat na ndị bi na US.A nakọtara ihe nlele nke mmamịrị iri abụọ na otu n'aka ụmụ nwanyị dị ime akọwapụtara bụ ndị kwadoro n'oge a na-amụ nwa dịka 2017 Institutional Review Board (IRB) kwadoro protocol sitere na Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC, Charleston, SC, USA).A na-echekwa ihe nlele na 4 Celsius C ruo awa 4, wee kpochaa ya na oyi na -80 Celsius.A zụtara ihe nlele mmamịrị okenye iri abụọ na ise n'aka Lee Biosolutions, Inc (Maryland Heights, MO, USA) na Nọvemba 2022, na-anọchite anya otu nlele anakọtara site na Ọktoba 2017 ruo Septemba 2022, anakọtara site na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo (ndị nwoke 13 na ụmụ nwanyị 12).) na mbinye ego na mkpokọta Maryland Heights, Missouri.A na-echekwa ihe nlele na -20 Celsius ozugbo nchịkọta.Na mgbakwunye, a zụtara ihe nlele mmamịrị 50 anakọtara n'aka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo Florida (ụmụ nwoke 25, ụmụ nwanyị 25) na June 2023 site na BioIVT, LLC (Westbury, NY, USA).A na-echekwa ihe nlele na 4 Celsius ruo mgbe a na-achịkọta ihe nlele niile, wee kpochaa ya na oyi na -20 Celsius.Ụlọ ọrụ na-ebubata ngwaahịa nwetara nkwado IRB dị mkpa iji hazie nlele mmadụ na nkwenye na nchịkọta nlele.Ọnweghị ozi nkeonwe enyereghị n'ime nlele ọ bụla nwalere.E zigara samples niile oyi kpọnwụrụ maka nyocha.Enwere ike ịchọta ozi nlele zuru ezu na Tebụl Nkwado Nkwado S1.
LC-MS/MS kpebisiri ike chlormequat n'ime mmamịrị mmadụ na HSE Research Laboratory (Buxton, UK) dịka usoro Lindh et al bipụtara.Emegharịrị ntakịrị na 2011.Na nkenke, a kwadebere ihe nlele site na ịgwakọta 200 μl nke mmamịrị na-enweghị atụ na 1.8 ml nke 0.01 M ammonium acetate nwere ọkọlọtọ ime.A na-ewepụta ihe nlele ahụ site na iji kọlụm HCX-Q, nke mbụ nwere methanol, wee jiri 0.01 M ammonium acetate, saa ya na 0.01 M ammonium acetate, wee nweta 1% formic acid na methanol.A na-ebunye ihe nlele na kọlụm C18 LC (Synergi 4 µ Hydro-RP 150 × 2 mm; Phenomenex, UK) wee kewapụ ya site na iji usoro mkpanaka isocratic nke nwere 0.1% formic acid: methanol 80:20 na ọnụego 0.2.ml/min.Lindh et al kọwara ntụgharị mmeghachi omume nke ahọpụtara site na nleba anya.2011. Nchọpụta nchọpụta bụ 0.1 μg / L dị ka a kọrọ na nchọpụta ndị ọzọ.
A na-akọwapụta mkpokọta chlormequat nke urinary dị ka μmol chlormequat/mol creatinine wee gbanwee ka ọ bụrụ μg chlormequat/g creatinine dị ka akọwara na ọmụmụ gara aga (mụbawanye site na 1.08).
Anresco Laboratories, LLC nwalere nri nri nke oat (25 omenala na 8 organic) na ọka wit (9 omenala) maka chlormequat (San Francisco, CA, USA).A na-enyocha ihe nlele site na mgbanwe dịka ụzọ ebipụtara si dị [19].LOD / LOQ maka nlele oat na 2022 yana maka ọka wit na ọka oat na 2023 ka edobere na 10/100 ppb na 3/40 ppb, n'otu n'otu.Enwere ike ịchọta ozi nlele zuru ezu na Tebụl na-akwado S2.
A na-achịkọta mkpokọta chlormequat nke urinary site na mpaghara mpaghara na afọ nchịkọta, ewezuga ihe nlele abụọ anakọtara na 2017 sitere na Maryland Heights, Missouri, nke achịkọtara yana ihe nlele 2017 ndị ọzọ sitere na Charleston, South Carolina.A na-emeso ihe nlele n'okpuru njedebe nchọpụta nke chlormequat dị ka nchọpụta pasent kewara site na mgbọrọgwụ square nke 2. A naghị ekesa data nke ọma, ya mere a na-eji ule nyocha Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric na Dunn otutu ntụnyere atụnyere ndị etiti n'etiti otu.Emere ngụkọ niile na GraphPad Prism (Boston, MA).
Achọpụtara Chlormequat n'ime 77 n'ime 96 nlele mmamịrị, na-anọchite anya 80% nke ụdị mmamịrị niile.Tụnyere 2017 na 2018-2022, 2023 samples achọpụtara ugboro ugboro: 16 n'ime 23 samples (ma ọ bụ 69%) na 17 n'ime 23 samples (ma ọ bụ 74%), n'otu n'otu, na 45 nke 50 samples (ie 90%). .) a nwalere (Table 1).Tupu 2023, mkpokọta chlormequat achọpụtara n'ime otu abụọ ahụ bụ otu, ebe mkpokọta chlormequat achọpụtara na nlele 2023 dị elu karịa n'omume sitere na afọ ndị gara aga (Njikere 1A, B).Nleba anya achọpụtara maka ụdị 2017, 2018-2022 na 2023 bụ 0.22 ruo 5.4, 0.11 ruo 4.3, na 0.27 ruo 52.8 micrograms nke chlormequat kwa gram nke creatinine, n'otu n'otu.The etiti ụkpụrụ maka niile samples na 2017, 2018-2022, na 2023 bụ 0.46, 0.30, na 1.4, n'otu n'otu.Ihe data ndị a na-egosi na mkpughe nwere ike ịga n'ihu nyere obere ndụ chlormequat n'ime ahụ, yana ọkwa mkpughe dị ala n'etiti 2017 na 2022 yana ọkwa mkpughe dị elu na 2023.
A na-egosiputa mkpokọta chlormequat maka nlele mmamịrị nke ọ bụla dị ka otu ebe nwere ogwe n'elu ihe nrịbama na njehie na-anọchite anya njehie +/- ọkọlọtọ.A na-egosipụta mkpokọta chlormequat na mmamịrị na mcg nke chlormequat kwa gram nke creatinine n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ kwụ ọtọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ logarithmic.A na-eji nyocha nyocha nke na-abụghị parametric Kruskal-Wallis nke dị iche na nyocha ọtụtụ ntụle Dunn iji nwalee mkpa ndekọ aha.
Nlele nri azụrụ na United States na 2022 na 2023 gosipụtara ọkwa chlormequat nwere ike ịchọpụta na naanị abụọ n'ime ngwaahịa oat ọdịnala 25, yana mkpokọta sitere na enweghị ike ịchọpụta ruo 291 μg/kg, na-egosi chlormequat na ọka.Ọganihu nke anaghị eri anụ dị elu.Nlereanya anakọtara na 2022 na 2023 nwere ọkwa nkezi: 90 μg/kg na 114 μg/kg, n'otu n'otu.Naanị otu ihe nlele nke ngwaahịa oat asatọ nwere chlormequat nwere ike ịchọpụta nke 17 µg/kg.Anyị hụkwara ntakịrị chlormequat n'ime abụọ n'ime ngwaahịa ọka wit itoolu a nwalere: 3.5 na 12.6 μg/kg, n'otu n'otu.
Nke a bụ akụkọ izizi gbasara itule chlormequat urinary na ndị okenye bi na United States yana ndị bi na mpụga United Kingdom na Sweden.Usoro nyocha biomonitoring pesticide n'etiti ihe karịrị 1,000 ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma na Sweden dekọtara ọnụ ọgụgụ nchọpụta 100% maka chlormequat site na 2000 ruo 2017. Nkezi ntinye uche na 2017 bụ 0.86 micrograms nke chlormequat kwa gram nke creatinine ma yie ka ọ belatara ka oge na-aga, yana ọkwa kachasị elu. na 2009 bụ 2.77 .Na UK, biomonitoring hụrụ mkpokọta chlormequat dị elu karịa 15.1 micrograms nke chlormequat kwa gram nke creatinine n'etiti 2011 na 2012, n'agbanyeghị na anakọtara ihe nlele ndị a n'aka ndị bi na mpaghara ọrụ ugbo.ọ dịghị ihe dị iche na ikpughe.Ihe gbasara ịgbasa [15].Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ US sitere na 2017 ruo 2022 hụrụ ọkwa etiti dị ala ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọmụmụ gara aga na Europe, ebe n'ime 2023 ihe atụ etiti etiti dị ka nlele Swedish mana ọ dị ala karịa nlele UK.
Esemokwu ndị a na mkpughe n'etiti mpaghara na oge oge nwere ike igosipụta ọdịiche dị na omume ọrụ ugbo na ọkwa nchịkwa nke chlormequat, nke na-emesị emetụta ọkwa chlormequat na ngwaahịa nri.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mkpokọta chlormequat na nlele mmamịrị dị elu nke ukwuu na 2023 ma e jiri ya tụnyere afọ ndị gara aga, nke nwere ike igosipụta mgbanwe metụtara usoro iwu EPA metụtara chlormequat (gụnyere oke nri chlormequat na 2018).Ihe oriri US na-abịa n'ọdịnihu dị nso.Bulite ụkpụrụ oriri oat ka ọ na-erule afọ 2020. Omume ndị a na-enye ohere mbubata na ire ngwaahịa ugbo ejiri chlormequat, dịka ọmụmaatụ, si Canada.Akwụsị n'etiti mgbanwe usoro iwu EPA na mkpokọta chlormequat dị elu nke a chọtara n'ụdị mmamịrị na 2023 nwere ike ịkọwa ya site n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, dị ka igbu oge na nnabata nke usoro ọrụ ugbo nke na-eji chlormequat, igbu oge nke ụlọ ọrụ US na nkwekọrịta azụmahịa, yana ndị mmadụ onwe ha.na-enwe oge n'ịzụta ọka n'ihi mbelata nke ngwaahịa ochie na/ma ọ bụ n'ihi ogologo ndụ ngwaahịa oat.
Iji chọpụta ma ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ dị n'ụdị mmamịrị US ọ̀ na-egosi ikpughe chlormequat nwere ike iri nri, anyị tụrụ chlormequat na ngwaahịa oat na ọka wit azụrụ na US na 2022 na 2023. Ngwaahịa oat na-enwe chlormequat ugboro ugboro karịa ngwaahịa ọka wit, yana ọnụọgụ chlormequat dị na US. ngwaahịa oat dị iche iche na-adịgasị iche, yana nkezi ọkwa 104 ppb, ikekwe n'ihi na-ebunye site na United States na Canada, nke nwere ike igosipụta ọdịiche dị na ojiji ma ọ bụ eji.n'etiti ngwaahịa ndị a na-emepụta site na oat ejiri chlormequat gwọọ ya.N'ụzọ dị iche, na nri nri UK, chlormequat na-aba ụba na ngwaahịa ọka wit dị ka achịcha, na chlormequat achọpụtara na 90% nke ihe nlele anakọtara na UK n'etiti July na Septemba 2022. Nkezi ntinye uche bụ 60 ppb.N'otu aka ahụ, a chọpụtakwara chlormequat na 82% nke oat oat UK na nkezi ntinye nke 1650 ppb, karịa ugboro 15 karịa n'omume US, nke nwere ike ịkọwa ọkwa mmamịrị dị elu hụrụ na nlele UK.
Nsonaazụ nyocha biomonitor anyị na-egosi na ikpughe chlormequat mere tupu afọ 2018, n'agbanyeghị na ewepụtabeghị nnabata nri maka chlormequat.Ọ bụ ezie na anaghị achịkwa chlormequat na nri na United States, na enweghị data akụkọ ihe mere eme na mkpokọta chlormequat na nri a na-ere na United States, nyere obere ọkara ndụ chlormequat, anyị na-eche na ikpughe a nwere ike ịbụ nri.Na mgbakwunye, choline precursors na ngwaahịa ọka wit na akwa ntụ na-etolite chlormequat na oke okpomọkụ, dị ka nke ejiri na nhazi nri na nrụpụta, na-ebute mkpokọta chlormequat sitere na 5 ruo 40 ng/g.Nsonaazụ nnwale nri anyị na-egosi na ụfọdụ nlele, gụnyere ngwaahịa oat organic, nwere chlormequat n'ọkwa yiri nke a kọrọ na nyocha nke chlormequat na-emekarị, ebe ọtụtụ nlele ndị ọzọ nwere ọkwa chlormequat dị elu.Yabụ, ọkwa anyị hụrụ na mmamịrị site na 2023 nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi mkpughe nri na chlormequat nke emepụtara n'oge nhazi nri na nrụpụta.Ọkwa achọpụtara na 2023 nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ikpughe nri na chlormequat emepụtara na mberede yana ngwaahịa ebubata ejiri chlormequat na-arụ ọrụ ugbo.Ọdịiche dị na mkpughe chlormequat n'etiti ihe nlele anyị nwekwara ike ịbụ n'ihi ọnọdụ mpaghara, usoro nri dị iche iche, ma ọ bụ ikpughe ọrụ na chlormequat mgbe ejiri ya na griin haus na ebe a na-elekọta ụmụaka.
Ọmụmụ ihe anyị na-egosi na ọ dị mkpa ka ị nweta nha nha nha na ụdị nri dị iche iche nke chlormequat iji nyochaa nke ọma isi mmalite nri chlormequat n'ime ndị mmadụ na-ekpughe obere.Ọmụmụ ihe n'ọdịnihu gụnyere nyocha nke mmamịrị akụkọ ihe mere eme na ihe nlele nri, ajụjụ gbasara nri na ọrụ, nlekota chlormequat na-aga n'ihu na nri ọdịnala na nke organic na United States, na nlele biomonitoring ga-enyere aka ịkọwapụta ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị nke mkpughe chlormequat na ndị US.
Enwere ike ikpebi ọkwa chlormequat na mmamịrị na nri nri na United States n'afọ ndị na-abịanụ.Na United States, a na-anabata chlormequat ugbu a naanị na ngwaahịa oat na ọka wit, mana ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi na-atụle ugbu a iji ọrụ ugbo eme ihe n'ubi na-abụghị organic.Ọ bụrụ na akwadoro ojiji ụlọ dị otú ahụ yana njikọ chlormequat zuru ebe niile na mba ofesi na n'ime ụlọ, ọkwa chlormequat na oat, ọka wit, na ngwaahịa ọka ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịga n'ihu na-ebili, na-eduga n'ọkwa dị elu nke ikpughe chlormequat.Ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ US.
Ọnụnọ nke chlormequat nke urinary ugbu a na nke a na ọmụmụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-egosi na ndị na-enye onyinye n'otu n'otu ekpughere chlormequat na ọkwa nke dị n'okpuru akwụkwọ ntụaka US Environmental Protection Agency (RfD) (0.05 mg / kg arọ ahụ kwa ụbọchị), ya mere a nabatara ya. .Nri a na-eri kwa ụbọchị bụ ọtụtụ iwu dị ala karịa uru oriri nke European Food Safety Authority (ADI) bipụtara (0.04 mg/kg arọ ahụ / ụbọchị).Agbanyeghị, anyị rịba ama na ọmụmụ toxicology ebipụtara nke chlormequat na-atụ aro na nyochagharị nke ụzọ nchekwa ndị a nwere ike ịdị mkpa.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụmụ oke na ezì kpughere doses n'okpuru RfD dị ugbu a na ADI (0.024 na 0.0023 mg/kg arọ ahụ / ụbọchị, n'otu n'otu) gosipụtara mbelata ọmụmụ.N'ọmụmụ ihe toxicology ọzọ, ikpughe n'oge ime ime na doses ndị kwekọrọ na ọkwa mmetụta ọjọọ na-adịghị ahụ anya (NOAEL) nke 5 mg/kg (eji ya gbakọọ dose nke US Environmental Protection Agency) na-ebute mgbanwe na uto nwa ebu n'afọ na metabolism, yana dị ka mgbanwe na ahụ mejupụtara.Ụmụ oke ọhụrụ .Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ọnụ ụzọ nchịkwa adịghị echebara mmetụta ọjọọ nke ngwakọta nke kemịkal nke nwere ike imetụta usoro ọmụmụ, nke egosipụtara na ọ nwere mmetụta mgbakwunye ma ọ bụ synergistic na doses dị ala karịa ikpughe na kemịkalụ onye ọ bụla , na-akpata nsogbu nwere ike na ahụike ọmụmụ.ahụike.Nchegbu gbasara nsonaazụ metụtara ọkwa mkpughe dị ugbu a, ọkachasị maka ndị nwere ọkwa mkpughe dị elu na ọha mmadụ na Europe na US.
Nnyocha a na-anya ụgbọelu nke mkpughe kemịkalụ ọhụrụ na United States na-egosi na chlormequat dị na nri US, bụ isi na ngwaahịa oat, yana n'ọtụtụ n'ime ihe nlele mmamịrị achọpụtara anakọtara site na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 100 mmadụ na US, na-egosi ikpughe chlormequat na-aga n'ihu.Ọzọkwa, usoro na data ndị a na-egosi na ọkwa mkpughe abawanyela ma nwee ike ịga n'ihu na-abawanye n'ọdịnihu.Nyere nchegbu toxicological metụtara chlormequat ikpughe na ọmụmụ anụmanụ, na mgbasa nke ọha mmadụ na chlormequat na mba Europe (na ugbu a eleghị anya na United States), tinyere ọrịa na-efe efe na anụmanụ, e nwere mkpa ngwa ngwa nlekota chlormequat na. nri na ụmụ mmadụ Chlormequat.Ọ dị mkpa ịghọta ihe egwu ahụike nwere ike na kemịkalụ ugbo a na ọkwa mkpughe gburugburu ebe obibi, ọkachasị n'oge ime ime.
Oge nzipu: Jun-04-2024