Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ahịa ọgwụ aryloxyphenoxypropionate zuru ụwa ọnụ ruru ijeri US$1.217, nke ruru 4.6% nke ahịa ọgwụ ahịhịa zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ruru ijeri US$26.440 na 1.9% nke ahịa ọgwụ ahụhụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ruru ijeri US$63.212. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịghị mma dịka ọgwụ ahịhịa dịka amino acid na sulfonylureas, ọ nwekwara ọnọdụ n'ahịa ọgwụ ahịhịa (ọ nọ n'ọkwa nke isii na ahịa zuru ụwa ọnụ).
A na-ejikarị ọgwụ ogwu Aryloxy phenoxy propionate (APP) eme ihe maka ịchịkwa ahịhịa ahịhịa. A chọpụtara ya n'afọ 1960 mgbe Hoechst (Germany) gbanwere otu phenyl na nhazi 2,4-D na diphenyl ether wee mepụta ọgbọ mbụ nke ọgwụ ogwu aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid. "Grass Ling". Na 1971, achọpụtara na nhazi mgbanaka nne na nna nwere A na B. E gbanwere ọgwụ ogwu ndị ọzọ dabere na ya, na-agbanwe mgbanaka A benzene n'otu akụkụ ka ọ bụrụ mgbanaka heterocyclic ma ọ bụ nke a gwakọtara agwakọta, ma webata otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ dị ka atọm F n'ime mgbanaka ahụ, na-ebute usoro ngwaahịa nwere ọrụ dị elu. , ọgwụ ogwu ndị ọzọ a họọrọ.
Nhazi ogwu ogwu APP
Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọgwụ ogwu propionic acid
Usoro ihe omume
Ọgwụ ahịhịa Aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid bụ ihe na-egbochi acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACCase), si otú a na-egbochi mmepụta nke abụba abụba, na-ebute mmepụta nke oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, na waxy layers na-egbochi usoro cuticle, na-ebute mbibi ngwa ngwa nke nhazi akpụkpọ ahụ osisi ahụ, mmụba nke permeability, na n'ikpeazụ ọnwụ nke osisi ahụ.
Àgwà ya dị ka arụmọrụ dị elu, obere nsí, nhọrọ dị elu, nchekwa maka ihe ọkụkụ na mfe mmebi emeela ka mmepe nke ahịhịa ndị a họọrọ dịkwuo elu.
Ihe ọzọ dị na ọgwụ ogwu AAP bụ na ha na-arụ ọrụ n'anya, nke a na-eji isomer dị iche iche mara n'okpuru otu usoro kemịkalụ, isomer dị iche iche nwekwara ọrụ igbu ahịhịa dị iche iche. N'ime ha, isomer R(-) nwere ike igbochi ọrụ nke enzyme ebumnuche nke ọma, gbochie mmepụta nke auxin na gibberellin n'ime ahịhịa, ma gosipụta ọrụ igbu ahịhịa dị mma, ebe S(+)-isomer anaghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Ihe dị iche na arụmọrụ dị n'etiti ha abụọ bụ ugboro 8-12.
A na-esikarị agwakọta ahịhịa ọgwụ APP nke a na-ere ere ka ọ bụrụ esters, nke na-eme ka ha dị mfe ịmịkọrọ site na ahịhịa; agbanyeghị, esters anaghị enwe ike ịgbaze ma na-amịkọrọ ha nke ọma, yabụ ha anaghị adị mfe ịmịpụta ma ha na-abanye n'ime ahịhịa ngwa ngwa n'ime ala.
Clodinafop-propargyl
Propargyl bụ ọgwụ ogwu phenoxypropionate nke ciba-Geigy mepụtara na 1981. Aha azụmaahịa ya bụ Topic, aha kemịkal ya bụ (R)-2-[4-(5-chloro-3-fluoro). -2-Pyridyloxy)propargyl propionate.
Propargyl bụ ọgwụ ogwu aryloxyphenoxypropionate nke nwere fluorine, nke na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma n'ihe gbasara anya. A na-eji ya maka ọgwụgwọ osisi na akwụkwọ mgbe ọ pụtachara iji chịkwaa ahịhịa gramineous na ọka wit, rye, triticale na ubi ọka ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị maka ahịhịa wit na ahịhịa wit. Ọ dị irè n'ịchịkwa ahịhịa siri ike dị ka oat ọhịa. A na-eji ya maka ọgwụgwọ osisi na akwụkwọ mgbe ọ pụtachara iji chịkwaa ahịhịa ahịhịa kwa afọ, dị ka oat ọhịa, ahịhịa oat ojii, ahịhịa foxtail, ahịhịa ubi, na ahịhịa wit. Usoro ọgwụgwọ ya bụ 30~60g/hm2. Ụzọ a kapịrị ọnụ maka ojiji bụ: site na ọkwa akwụkwọ 2 nke ọka wit ruo na ọkwa njikọta, tinye ọgwụ nje ahụ na ahịhịa ndị dị na ọkwa akwụkwọ 2-8. N'oge oyi, jiri gram 20-30 nke Maiji (15% ntụ ntụ clofenacetate wettable) kwa acre. 30-40g nke oke (15% ntụ ntụ clodinafop-propargyl wettable), tinye 15-30kg nke mmiri ma fesa ha nke ọma.
Usoro na njirimara nke clodinafop-propargyl bụ acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors na systemic conductive herbicides. A na-amịkọrọ ọgwụ a site na akwụkwọ na mkpuchi akwụkwọ nke osisi ahụ, na-eduzi ya site na phloem, ma na-agbakọta na meristem nke osisi ahụ, na-egbochi acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitor. Coenzyme A carboxylase na-akwụsị njikọ abụba acid, na-egbochi uto na nkewa nkịtị nke mkpụrụ ndụ, ma na-ebibi ihe ndị nwere lipid dị ka sistemụ membrane, na-emesịa na-ebute ọnwụ nke osisi. Oge site na clodinafop-propargyl ruo ọnwụ nke ahịhịa na-adị nwayọ, na-ewekarị izu 1 ruo 3.
Usoro kachasị eji eme clodinafop-propargyl bụ 8%, 15%, 20%, na 30% mmiri emulsions, 15% na 24% microemulsions, 15% na 20% ntụ ntụ mmiri, na 8% na 14% mmanụ nkwusioru. 24% ude.
Njikọta
A na-ebu ụzọ mepụta (R)-2-(p-hydroxyphenoxy)propionic acid site na mmeghachi omume nke α-chloropropionic acid na hydroquinone, wee mee ka ọ dị ka ether site na ịgbakwunye 5-chloro-2,3-difluoropyridine na-enweghị nkewa. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ọ na-emeghachi omume na chloropropyne iji nweta clodinafop-propargyl. Mgbe kristal gasịrị, ọdịnaya ngwaahịa ahụ ruru 97% ruo 98%, mkpokọta mmepụta ahụ ruru 85%.
Ọnọdụ Mbupụ
Ndekọ ndị ọrụ kọstọm na-egosi na na 2019, mba m na-ebupụ ngụkọta nke nde dọla US 35.77 (ọnụọgụgụ na-ezughị ezu, gụnyere nkwadebe na ọgwụ teknụzụ). N'ime ha, mba mbụ na-ebubata bụ Kazakhstan, nke na-ebubatakarị nkwadebe, na ego ruru nde dọla US 8.6515, nke na-esochi ya bụ Russia, yana nkwadebe. Enwere ọchịchọ maka ma ọgwụ ma ihe eji emepụta ihe, na olu mbubata nke US $3.6481 nde. Nke atọ bụ Netherlands, na olu mbubata nke US $3.582 nde. Na mgbakwunye, Canada, India, Israel, Sudan na mba ndị ọzọ bụkwa ebe mbupu clodinafop-propargyl.
Cyhalofop-butyl
Cyhalofop-ethyl bụ ahịhịa ogwu nke Dow AgroSciences mepụtara ma mepụta na United States na 1987. Ọ bụkwa naanị ọgwụ ogwu aryloxyphenoxycarboxylic acid nke dị mma maka osikapa. Na 1998, Dow AgroSciences nke United States bụ onye mbụ debanyere aha teknụzụ cyhalofop na mba m. Patent ahụ gwụchara na 2006, ndebanye aha ụlọ malitere otu otu. Na 2007, ụlọ ọrụ ime obodo (Shanghai Shengnong Biochemical Products Co., Ltd.) debara aha maka oge mbụ.
Aha azụmaahịa Dow bụ Clincher, aha kemịkalụ ya bụkwa (R)-2-[4-(4-cyano-2-fluorophenoxy)phenoxy]butylpropionate.
N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, Qianjin nke Dow AgroSciences (ihe na-arụ ọrụ: 10% cyhalomefen EC) na Daoxi (60g/L cyhalofop + penoxsulam), bụ́ ndị a ma ama n'ahịa China, dị irè nke ukwuu ma dịkwa nchebe. Ọ bụ ahịa a ma ama nke ọgwụ ogwu osikapa n'obodo m.
Cyhalofop-ethyl, nke yiri ọgwụ ndị ọzọ aryloxyphenoxycarboxylic acid, bụ ihe na-egbochi mmepụta abụba acid ma na-egbochi acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase). A na-amịkọrọ ya n'ime akwụkwọ ma ọ nweghị ọrụ ala. Cyhalofop-ethyl na-adị n'usoro ma na-abanye ngwa ngwa site na anụ ahụ osisi. Mgbe ọgwụgwọ kemịkalụ gasịrị, ahịhịa ahịhịa na-akwụsị itolite ozugbo, odo odo na-apụta n'ime ụbọchị 2 ruo 7, osisi ahụ dum na-aghọ necrotic ma nwụọ n'ime izu 2 ruo 3.
A na-eji Cyhalofop eme ihe mgbe ọ gbasịrị mbọ iji chịkwaa ahịhịa gramineous n'ubi osikapa. Usoro maka osikapa okpomọkụ bụ 75-100g/hm2, usoro maka osikapa dị mma bụ 180-310g/hm2. Ọ dị irè nke ukwuu megide Echinacea, Stephanotis, Amaranthus aestivum, obere ahịhịa ọka, Crabgrass, Setaria, brangrass, millet akwụkwọ obi, Pennisetum, Zea mays, Goosegrass, wdg.
Were 15% cyhalofop-ethyl EC dịka ihe atụ. N'ọkwa akwụkwọ nke ahịhịa barnyardgrass 1.5-2.5 n'ubi mkpụrụ osisi osikapa na ọkwa akwụkwọ stephanotis 2-3 n'ubi osikapa a kụrụ ozugbo, a na-efesa ma fesa ya n'otu aka ahụ na obere igirigi. Wụpụ mmiri tupu i jiri ọgwụ ahụ mee ka ihe karịrị 2/3 nke ahịhịa na akwụkwọ ahụ pụta ìhè na mmiri. Gbaa mmiri mmiri n'ime awa 24 ruo awa 72 mgbe e tinyere ọgwụ ahụ, ma debe oyi akwa mmiri 3-5 cm maka ụbọchị 5-7. Ejila ya ihe karịrị otu ugboro kwa oge okooko osikapa. Agbanyeghị, a ga-amarịrị na ọgwụ a na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu nye arthropods mmiri, yabụ zere ịbanye n'ebe a na-akụ azụ̀. Mgbe agwakọtara ya na ụfọdụ ọgwụ ahịhịa broadleaf, ọ nwere ike inwe mmetụta mmegide, na-ebute mbelata na irè nke cyhalofop.
Ụdị usoro ọgwụgwọ ya bụ: cyhalofop-methyl emulsifiable concentrate (10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 100g/L), ntụ ntụ cyhalofop-methyl wettable (20%), cyhalofop-methyl aqueous emulsion (10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%), cyhalofop microemulsion (10%, 15%, 250g/L), cyhalofop oil suspension (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%), cyhalofop-ethyl dispersible oil suspension (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%); ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ dị mgbagwoju anya gụnyere oxafop-propyl na penoxsufen.
Oge ozi: Jenụwarị-24-2024