N'iji 2014 dị ka ihe atụ, ahịa zuru ụwa ọnụ nke aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides bụ ijeri US $ 1.217, na-aza 4.6% nke US $ 26.440 ijeri ahịa ahịhịa ụwa na 1.9% nke US $ 63.212 ijeri ahịa pesticide ụwa.Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịghị mma dị ka ahịhịa ahịhịa dị ka amino acids na sulfonylureas, ọ nwekwara ebe n'ahịa ahịa ahịhịa (nke isii n'ahịa zuru ụwa ọnụ).
A na-ejikarị ọgwụ ahịhịa aryloxy phenoxy propionate (APP) eme ihe maka ịchịkwa ahịhịa ahịhịa.Achọpụtara ya na 1960 mgbe Hoechst (Germany) dochie otu phenyl na nhazi 2,4-D na diphenyl ether wee mepụta ọgbọ mbụ nke aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides."Ahịhịa Ling".Na 1971, e kpebisiri ike na usoro mgbanaka nne na nna nwere A na B. Mgbanwe herbicides nke ụdị a dabere na ya, na-agbanwe mgbanaka A benzene n'otu akụkụ ka ọ bụrụ mgbanaka heterocyclic ma ọ bụ fused, na iwebata ìgwè ndị na-arụ ọrụ dị ka F. atọm n'ime mgbanaka, na-eme ka usoro ngwaahịa nwere ọrụ dị elu., ọzọ ahọpụtara herbicides.
Nhazi ahịhịa ahịhịa APP
Akụkọ mmepe nke propionic acid herbicides
Usoro nke ime ihe
Aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides na-abụkarị ndị na-egbochi acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACCase), si otú ahụ na-egbochi njikọ nke ọdụdụ asịd, na-akpata njikọ nke oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, na waxy n'ígwé na cuticle usoro na-egbochiri ngwa ngwa. mbibi nke usoro akpụkpọ ahụ nke osisi, ịba ụba nke permeability, na n'ikpeazụ ọnwụ nke osisi.
Njirimara ya nke arụmọrụ dị elu, obere toxicity, nhọrọ dị elu, nchekwa maka ihe ọkụkụ na nbibi dị mfe emeela ka mmepe nke herbicides ahọrọ nke ọma.
Akụkụ ọzọ nke AAP herbicides bụ na ha na-arụ ọrụ ngwa ngwa, nke e ji mara ndị isomers dị iche iche n'okpuru otu usoro kemịkal, na isomers dị iche iche nwere ọrụ herbicidal dị iche iche.N'ime ha, R (-) -isomer nwere ike igbochi ọrụ nke enzyme lekwasịrị anya, gbochie nhazi nke auxin na gibberellin n'ime ahịhịa, ma gosipụta ọrụ herbicidal dị mma, ebe S (+) -isomer adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma.Ihe dị iche na arụmọrụ dị n'etiti abụọ ahụ bụ oge 8-12.
A na-edozi ọgwụ herbicides nke azụmahịa APP n'ime esters, na-eme ka ata na-etinye ha ngwa ngwa;Otú ọ dị, esters na-enwekarị solubility na adsorption siri ike karị, n'ihi ya, ọ naghị adị mfe ịmịcha ma na-abanye n'ime ata ahụ ngwa ngwa.n'ime ala.
Clodinafop-propargyl
Propargyl bụ phenoxypropionate herbicide nke ciba-Geigy mepụtara na 1981. Aha ahia ya bụ Isiokwu na aha kemịkal ya bụ (R) -2-[4- (5-chloro-3-fluoro).-2-Pyridyloxy) propargyl propionate.
Propargyl bụ aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide nwere fluorine nke na-arụ ọrụ anya.A na-eji ya maka ọgwụgwọ ahịhịa na akwụkwọ pụta mgbe ọ nwụsịrị iji chịkwaa ahihia gramine na ọka wit, rye, triticale na ubi ọka ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị maka ọka wit na ọka wit.Ọ dị mma n'ịchịkwa ahịhịa siri ike dịka oat ọhịa.A na-eji ya maka ọgwụgwọ ahịhịa mgbe ọ pụtachara na-achịkwa ahịhịa ahịhịa kwa afọ, dị ka oat ọhịa, ahịhịa oat ojii, ahịhịa foxtail, ahịhịa ubi, na ahịhịa ọka wit.Usoro onunu ogwu bụ 30 ~ 60g / hm2.Usoro eji eme ihe a kapịrị ọnụ bụ: site na ogbo ọka 2-akwụkwọ ruo n'ọgbakọ, tinye ọgwụ pesticide na ahịhịa na ogbo akwukwo 2-8.N'oge oyi, jiri gram 20-30 nke Maiji (15% clofenacetate wettable ntụ ntụ) kwa acre.30-40g nke oke (15% clodinafop-propargyl wettable ntụ ntụ), tinye 15-30kg mmiri ma fesaa nke ọma.
Usoro ihe omume na njirimara nke clodinafop-propargyl bụ acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors na herbicides na-eduzi sistemu.A na-etinye ọgwụ ahụ site na akwụkwọ na n'ọbọ akwụkwọ nke osisi ahụ, na-eduzi site na phloem, ma na-akwakọba na meristem nke osisi ahụ, na-egbochi acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitor.Coenzyme A carboxylase na-akwụsị njikọ nke fatty acid, na-egbochi uto sel nkịtị na nkewa, ma na-ebibi ihe ndị nwere lipid dị ka sistemu akpụkpọ ahụ, n'ikpeazụ na-ebute ọnwụ.Oge site na clodinafop-propargyl ruo ọnwụ nke ahịhịa na-adị ngwa ngwa, na-ewekarị izu 1 ruo 3.
The mainstream formulations nke clodinafop-propargyl bụ 8%, 15%, 20%, na 30% aqueous emulsions, 15% na 24% microemulsions, 15% na 20% wettable powders, na 8% na 14% dispersible mmanụ suspensions.24% ude.
Synthesis
(R) -2- (p-hydroxyphenoxy) propionic acid bụ nke mbụ na-emepụta site na mmeghachi omume nke α-chloropropionic acid na hydroquinone, ma etherified site n'ịgbakwunye 5-chloro-2,3-difluoropyridine na-enweghị nkewa.N'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ọ na-emeghachi omume na chloropropyne iji nweta clodinafop-propargyl.Mgbe crystallization gasịrị, ọdịnaya ngwaahịa ahụ ruru 97% ruo 98%, na mkpokọta mkpụrụ ruru 85%.
Ọnọdụ mbupụ
Ihe ndekọ kọstọm na-egosi na n'afọ 2019, obodo m bupụrụ ngụkọta nke nde dollar 35.77 (ọnụọgụ ezughị ezu, gụnyere nkwadebe na ọgwụ teknụzụ).N'ime ha, mba mbụ na-ebubata bụ Kazakhstan, nke na-ebubata tumadi nkwadebe, nke nwere ego 8.6515 US dollar, nke Russia na-esote ya, na nkwadebe A na-achọ ma ọgwụ na akụrụngwa, nke nwere ibubata US $ 3.6481 nde.Ebe nke atọ bụ Netherlands, nwere oke mbubata nke US $ 3.582 nde.Na mgbakwunye, Canada, India, Israel, Sudan na mba ndị ọzọ bụkwa isi mbupụ nke clodinafop-propargyl.
Cyhalofop-butyl
Cyhalofop-ethyl bụ ahịhịa ahịhịa akọwapụtara nke Dow AgroSciences na United States mepụtara ma mepụta ya na 1987. Ọ bụkwa naanị aryloxyphenoxycarboxylic acid herbicide nke dị oke nchebe maka osikapa.Na 1998, Dow AgroSciences nke United States bụ onye mbụ debanyere aha teknụzụ cyhalofop na obodo m.Patent ahụ kubiri n'afọ 2006, ndebanye aha ụlọ wee malite n'otu n'otu.Na 2007, ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ (Shanghai Shengnong Biochemical Products Co., Ltd.) debara aha maka oge mbụ.
Aha ahia Dow bụ Clincher, na aha kemịkal ya bụ (R) -2-[4- (4-cyano-2-fluorophenoxy) phenoxy] butylpropionate.
N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, Dow AgroSciences 'Qianjin (ihe na-arụ ọrụ: 10% cyhalomefen EC) na Daoxi (60g / L cyhalofop + penoxsulam), bụ ndị na-ewu ewu na ahịa ndị China, dị oke mma na nchekwa.Ọ nọ n'ahịa ahịa ahịhịa ahịhịa na obodo m.
Cyhalofop-ethyl, dị ka herbicides aryloxyphenoxycarboxylic acid ndị ọzọ, bụ ihe mgbochi njikọ abụba abụba ma na-egbochi acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase).Tumadi etinye obi gị dum site epupụta enweghị ala ọrụ.Cyhalofop-ethyl bụ sistemu ma na-etinye ya ngwa ngwa site na anụ ahụ osisi.Mgbe ọgwụgwọ kemịkal gasịrị, ahịhịa ahịhịa na-akwụsị itolite ozugbo, odo na-apụta n'ime ụbọchị 2 ruo 7, osisi ahụ dum na-aghọ necrotic wee nwụọ n'ime izu 2 ruo 3.
A na-etinye Cyhalofop n'oge emergent iji chịkwaa ahihia gramine dị n'ubi osikapa.Usoro onunu ogwu maka osikapa okpomọkụ bụ 75-100g / hm2, na usoro onunu ogwu maka osikapa na-ekpo ọkụ bụ 180-310g / hm2.Ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma megide Echinacea, Stephanotis, Amaranthus aestivum, Obere ahịhịa ahịhịa, Crabgrass, Setaria, brangrass, millet obi-akwụkwọ, Pennisetum, Zea mays, Goosegrass, wdg.
Were 15% cyhalofop-ethyl EC dịka ọmụmaatụ.Na 1.5-2.5 akwukwo ogbo barnyardgrass na osikapa seedling ubi na 2-3 akwukwo ogbo nke stephanotis n'ime kpọmkwem-seeded ubi osikapa, ị ga na epupụta na-efesa na-efesa nke ọma na ezigbo alụlụ.Ghichaa mmiri tupu etinye ọgwụ pesticide ka ihe karịrị 2/3 nke ahịhịa ahịhịa na akwụkwọ kpughee na mmiri.Na-agba mmiri n'ime awa 24 ruo awa 72 mgbe ngwa ahụ gachara, ma debe akwa mmiri 3-5 cm maka ụbọchị 5-7.Jiri ihe karịrị otu ugboro kwa oge ito osikapa.Otú ọ dị, ekwesịrị ịmara na ọgwụ a na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu na arthropods nke mmiri, ya mere zere ịbanye n'ime ebe aquaculture.Mgbe agwakọtara ya na ụfọdụ ahịhịa ahịhịa, ọ nwere ike igosipụta mmetụta na-emegide ya, na-ebute mbelata nrụpụta nke cyhalofop.
Ụdị usoro ọgwụgwọ ya bụ isi: cyhalofop-methyl emulsifiable concentrate (10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 100g/L), cyhalofop-methyl wettable powder (20%), cyhalofop-methyl aqueous emulsion (10%, 15%) , 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%), cyhalofop microemulsion (10%, 15%, 250g / L), cyhalofop mmanụ nkwusioru (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%), cyhalofop-ethyl mmanụ dispersible mmanụ. nkwusioru (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%);Ngwakọta ndị na-emepụta ihe gụnyere oxafop-propyl na penoxsufen Ngwakọta nke amine, pyrazosulfuron-methyl, bispyrfen, wdg.
Oge nzipu: Jan-24-2024