Ijikwa ahịhịa bluegrass kwa afọ na-achịkwa uto osisi na-achịkwa ahịhịa bluegrass

   Ọmụmụ ihe a tụlere mmetụta ogologo oge nke ABW atọọgwụ ahụhụmmemme gbasara njikwa ahịhịa bluegrass kwa afọ na ịdị mma ahịhịa ahịhịa fairway, ma naanị ya ma na njikọta ya na ụdị dị iche ichepaclobutrazolmmemme na njikwa bentgrass na-akpụ akpụ. Anyị chere na itinye ọgwụ ahụhụ n'ọkwa dị elu iji chịkwaa ABW ka oge na-aga ga-ebelata mkpuchi bluegrass kwa afọ na creeping bentgrass fairways nakwa na itinye paclobutrazol kwa ọnwa ga-eme ka njikwa dịkwuo mma.
Ka oge na-aga, e mere nnwale ubi abụọ ma mee ugboro ugboro. Nnwale nke mbụ bụ nnwale ubi afọ abụọ emere site na 2017 ruo 2019 n'ebe abụọ nwere akụkọ ABW. Ọmụmụ ihe a lere anya na mmemme ọgwụ ahụhụ atọ, njikwa bentgrass na-akpụ akpụ, na ojiji kwa ọnwa nke paclobutrazol (Trimmit 2SC, Syngenta) na 0.25 lb ihe na-arụ ọrụ kwa acre (16 fl oz ngwaahịa kwa acre; 280 g ai kwa hectare) site na mkpụrụ bluegrass kwa afọ. . . A ga-akụ ya tupu Ọktoba maka njikwa bluegrass kwa afọ.
E mere nnyocha n'afọ 2017 na 2018 na ebe a na-egwu golf e mere ka ọ dị mma na Loggershot 2 Farm (North Brunswick, NJ) na atụmatụ na a na-enwe mkpuchi bluegrass kwa afọ nke 85% na mmalite nke nnwale ahụ. E mere nnwale ahụ ọzọ n'afọ 2018 na 2019 na ebe a na-egwu golf na Forest Hills Course Club (Bloomfield Hills, NJ), ebe a tụlere mkpuchi anya na 15% nke bentgrass na-akpụ akpụ na 10% nke ọka wit ojii na-adịru ogologo oge (Lolium perenne L.). N'ime nnwale ahụ, 75% bụ Poa annua.
Ọgwụgwọ ịgha mkpụrụ ahụ gụnyere ịkụ mkpụrụ bentgrass 007 na ọnụego 1 paụnd nke mkpụrụ dị ndụ dị ọcha kwa 1,000 square feet (kilogram 50 kwa hekta) otu izu mgbe mmalite nke mmemme njedebe nke ọgwụ ahụhụ (lee nkọwa mmemme ọgwụ ahụhụ n'okpuru). E mere ọgwụgwọ ahụ ugboro anọ ma hazie ya dị ka factorial 2 × 3 × 2 n'ime blọk zuru oke nke nwere ala kewara ekewa. Ịgha mkpụrụ dị ka oke ebe zuru oke, mmemme ọgwụ ahụhụ dị ka subplot, paclobutrazol dị ka subplot, 3 x 6 ft (0.9 mx 1.8 m).
Emebere usoro mgbochi a iji gbochie mmebi nke ahịhịa bluegrass nke na-eme kwa afọ n'oge oge. O nwere cyantraniliprole (Ference, Syngenta) nke a na-etinye na ọgwụ ahụhụ nke ihe dị ka 200 GDD50 (80 GDD10) n'oge okooko osisi dogwood (Cornus florida L.) iji chịkwaa ụmụ ahụhụ ABW na mmalite oge opupu ihe ubi tupu e jiri indoxacarb (Provaunt). E tinyere ya na ihe dị ka 350 GDD50 (160 GDD10) mgbe Catawbiense Michx hybrid na-ama ifuru iji chịkwaa ụmụ ahụhụ ọ bụla na-adị ndụ na mmalite oge opupu ihe ubi, e jikwa Spinosad (Conserve, Dow AgroSciences) chịkwaa ụmụ ahụhụ nke mbụ n'oge ọkọchị.
Mmemme mmechi kwụsịtụ iji ọgwụ ahụhụ chịkwaa ABW ruo mgbe mma ahịhịa dị n'ebe a na-agwọghị ọrịa ruru oke mmebi nke ahịhịa.
Iji chọpụta ihe mejupụtara ụdị ahịhịa ahịhịa, e tinyere grid abụọ dị 36 x 36 in (91 x 91 cm) nwere ebe njikọ 100 nke nwere oghere nha nhata n'otu ebe n'ala ọ bụla. Chọpụta ụdị ndị dị na njikọ ọ bụla n'etiti June na October. A na-enyocha mkpuchi ahịhịa bluegrass kwa afọ kwa ọnwa n'oge oge ịkọ ihe kwa afọ site na 0% (enweghị mkpuchi) ruo 100% (mkpuchi zuru oke). A na-enyocha ịdị mma nke ahịhịa ahịhịa anya na nha nke 1 ruo 9, ebe a na-ewere 6 dị ka ihe a na-anabata. Iji nyochaa irè nke mmemme ọgwụ ahụhụ ABW, ejiri mwepụ nnu nyochaa njupụta nke larval na mbido June tupu ndị toro eto ọhụrụ amalite ịpụta.
E tinyere nyocha nke mgbanwe data niile site na iji usoro GLIMMIX na SAS (v9.4, SAS Institute) yana mgbanwe mmetụta na-enweghị usoro. E jiri nhazi nkewa-plot nyochaa nnwale mbụ ahụ, e jirikwa nhazi nkewa-plot nkewa 2 × 4 nyochaa nnwale nke abụọ. Mgbe ọ dị mkpa, e jiri ule Fisher's Protected LSD kewaa ụzọ (p=0.05). E nyochachara saịtị iche iche n'ihi na mmekọrịta na saịtị mere na ụbọchị dị iche iche na njirimara saịtị dị iche iche.
ABW nwere ike ibelata mkpuchi bluegrass kwa afọ na bentgrass na-akpụ akpụ, mana ọ bụ naanị ma ọ bụrụ na a na-ekwe ka mmebi dị ukwuu na bluegrass kwa afọ belata. N'ime nnwale ndị a, mmebi ABW na ọkwa ụfọdụ ndị golf weere na ọ naghị anabata ya belatara mma ahịhịa n'ozuzu ya ruo nwa oge. Nke a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi na ọtụtụ (60–80%) nke ahịhịa turfgrass bụ bluegrass kwa afọ. A hụghị mmebi na bentgrass ABW na-akpụ akpụ site na iji usoro njedebe. Anyị na-eche na iji usoro mgbochi ABW nke dabere na oke iji chịkwaa bluegrass kwa afọ nke ọma na-enweghị mmemme PGR, anyị na-eche na mkpuchi bluegrass mbụ kwa afọ ga-adị ala iji kwe ka ABW mebie nnukwu mmebi kwa afọ na bluegrass na-enweghị mmetụta nke mma nke ahịhịa ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na a na-ekwe ka obere mmebi tupu a fesa ọgwụ ahụhụ, nsonaazụ ndị a na-egosi na njikwa bluegrass kwa afọ ogologo oge agaghị adị oke mma.
Usoro ọgwụ ahụhụ kacha baa uru ma dị irè mgbe ejikọtara ya na mmemme njikwa uto osisi. Anyị jiri paclobutrazol mee ihe na nnyocha a, mana fluoropyrimidine nwere ike imepụta nsonaazụ yiri nke ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na ejiri atụmatụ ABW dabere na njedebe na-enweghị atụmatụ PGR, mgbochi bluegrass kwa afọ nwere ike ọ gaghị adịte aka ma ọ bụ dị mkpa n'ihi na bluegrass kwa afọ nwere ike ịgbake ngwa ngwa site na mmebi na ngwụcha oge opupu ihe ubi. Usoro kachasị mma bụ ịmalite itinye paclobutrazol kwa ọnwa n'oge opupu ihe ubi mgbe isi mkpụrụ ahụ gbawara, hapụ ABW ka ọ mebie ruo mgbe a gaghị anabata ya ọzọ (ndị njikwa ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ), wee tinye larvicides na oke akara iji chịkwaa ABW. Atụmatụ nke jikọtara atụmatụ abụọ a na-enye njikwa bluegrass kwa afọ dị irè karịa atụmatụ ọ bụla naanị ma na-enye ubi egwuregwu dị elu maka izu niile ma e wezụga otu ruo izu abụọ nke oge uto.