Kiwifruit bụ osisi mkpụrụ osisi dioecious nke chọrọ pollination maka mkpụrụ osisi ndị nwanyị setịpụrụ. N'ọmụmụ ihe a,ihe na-achịkwa uto osisiE jiri 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) mee ihe na kiwifruit nke China (Actinidia chinensis var. 'Donghong') iji kwalite mkpụrụ osisi, melite mma mkpụrụ osisi ma mee ka mkpụrụ osisi too nke ọma. Nsonaazụ ya gosiri na itinye 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) n'èzí butere parthenocarpy na kiwifruit nke China nke ọma ma mee ka mma mkpụrụ osisi ka mma nke ukwuu. Mgbe ụbọchị 140 gachara okooko, ọnụego mkpụrụ osisi parthenocarpic nke ejiri 2,4-D gwọọ ruru 16.95%. Ọdịdị pollen nke okooko osisi nwanyị ejiri 2,4-D na mmiri gwọọ dị iche, a hụghịkwa ike pollen. Mgbe ha toruru, mkpụrụ osisi e gwọrọ 2,4-D dị ntakịrị obere karịa ndị dị na otu njikwa, akpụkpọ ha, anụ ahụ na isi ike ha dịkwa iche na nke dị na otu njikwa ahụ. Enweghị nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'ime mkpụrụ osisi siri ike na-agbaze agbaze n'etiti mkpụrụ osisi e gwọrọ 2,4-D na mkpụrụ osisi ndị a na-achịkwa mgbe ha toruru, mana ọdịnaya ihe kpọrọ nkụ nke mkpụrụ osisi e gwọrọ 2,4-D dị ala karịa nke mkpụrụ osisi e gwọrọ 2,4-D.
N'afọ adịbeghị anya,ndị na-ahụ maka uto osisi (PGR)A na-eji ya eme ihe nke ukwuu iji kpalite parthenocarpy n'ọtụtụ ihe ubi ubi. Agbanyeghị, emebeghị ọmụmụ ihe zuru oke gbasara ojiji nke ndị na-achịkwa uto iji kpalite parthenocarpy na kiwi. N'akwụkwọ a, a mụrụ mmetụta nke onye na-achịkwa uto osisi 2,4-D na parthenocarpy na kiwi nke ụdị Dunghong na mgbanwe na ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ ya niile. Nsonaazụ ndị e nwetara na-enye ntọala sayensị maka ojiji ezi uche dị na ya nke ndị na-achịkwa uto osisi iji melite usoro mkpụrụ osisi kiwi na ịdị mma mkpụrụ osisi niile.
Emere nnwale a na National Kiwi Germplasm Resource Bank nke Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences na 2024. A họpụtara osisi atọ dị mma, na-enweghị ọrịa, Actinidia chinensis 'Donghong' dị afọ ise maka nnwale ahụ, e jikwa okooko osisi 250 a na-akọkarị site na osisi ọ bụla mee ihe nnwale.
Parthenocarpy na-enye mkpụrụ osisi ohere ito nke ọma na-enweghị pollination, nke dị mkpa karịsịa n'okpuru ọnọdụ pere mpe nke pollination. Ọmụmụ ihe a gosiri na parthenocarpy na-enye ohere maka mkpụrụ osisi na mmepe na-enweghị pollination na fetalization, si otú a na-ahụ na mmepụta kwụsiri ike n'okpuru ọnọdụ na-adịghị mma. Ike nke parthenocarpy dị n'ike ya ịbawanye mkpụrụ osisi n'okpuru ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi na-adịghị mma, si otú a na-eme ka mma ihe ubi na mkpụrụ osisi dịkwuo mma, karịsịa mgbe ọrụ pollinator pere mpe ma ọ bụ na-anọghị ya. Ihe ndị dị gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka ike ọkụ, fotoperiod, okpomọkụ, na iru mmiri nwere ike imetụta parthenocarpy nke 2,4-D kpatara na kiwifruit. N'okpuru ọnọdụ mechiri emechi ma ọ bụ nke gbara ọchịchịrị, mgbanwe na ọnọdụ ìhè nwere ike imekọrịta na 2,4-D iji gbanwee metabolism auxin endogenous, nke nwere ike ime ka ọ dịkwuo mma ma ọ bụ gbochie mmepe mkpụrụ osisi parthenocarpic dabere na ụdị ya. Na mgbakwunye, ịnọgide na-enwe okpomọkụ na iru mmiri kwụsiri ike na gburugburu ebe a na-achịkwa na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-arụ ọrụ homonụ ma melite usoro mkpụrụ osisi [39]. A na-eme atụmatụ ọmụmụ ihe ndị ga-eme n'ọdịnihu iji nyochaa nke ọma nke ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi (ìhè, okpomọkụ, na iru mmiri) na sistemụ na-eto eto a na-achịkwa iji mee ka parthenocarpy nke 2,4-D kpatara dịkwuo mma ma na-ejigide ịdị mma nke mkpụrụ osisi. Usoro nke ịchịkwa gburugburu ebe obibi nke parthenocarpy ka chọrọ nyocha ọzọ. Nnyocha egosila na obere mkpokọta nke 2,4-D (5 ppm na 10 ppm) nwere ike ịkpalite parthenocarpy na tomato ma mepụta mkpụrụ osisi na-enweghị mkpụrụ dị elu [37]. Mkpụrụ osisi Parthenocarpic enweghị mkpụrụ ma dịkwa mma, na-eme ka ha bụrụ nhọrọ kacha mma maka ndị na-azụ ahịa [38]. Ebe ọ bụ na ihe kiwifruit nnwale bụ osisi dioecious, ụzọ pollination ọdịnala chọrọ ntinye aka ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike. Iji dozie nsogbu a, ọmụmụ ihe a jiri 2,4-D kpalite parthenocarpy na kiwifruit, nke gbochiri ọnwụ mkpụrụ osisi nke okooko osisi nwanyị na-enweghị pollin kpatara. Nsonaazụ nnwale ahụ gosiri na mkpụrụ osisi ejiri 2,4-D gwọọ mepụtara nke ọma, ọnụọgụ mkpụrụ dịkwa obere karịa nke mkpụrụ osisi e ji aka mee, a kakwara mma nke ukwuu mma nke mkpụrụ osisi. Ya mere, ịkwalite parthenocarpy site na ọgwụgwọ hormone nwere ike imeri nsogbu pollination ma mepụta mkpụrụ osisi na-enweghị mkpụrụ, nke dị oke mkpa maka ịkọ ugbo azụmahịa.
N'ọmụmụ ihe a, e nyochachara usoro nke 2,4-D (2,4-D) na mmepe mkpụrụ osisi na-enweghị mkpụrụ na ịdị mma nke ụdị kiwifruit China 'Donghong'. Dabere na ọmụmụ ndị gara aga na-egosi na 2,4-D nwere ike ịkpalite mkpụpụta mkpụrụ osisi na-enweghị mkpụrụ na kiwifruit, nnyocha a bu n'obi ịkọwa mmetụta iwu nke ọgwụgwọ 2,4-D mpụga na mgbanwe mmepe mkpụrụ osisi na nhazi mma mkpụrụ osisi. Nsonaazụ ahụ mere ka ọrụ ndị na-achịkwa uto osisi doo anya na mmepe kiwifruit na-enweghị mkpụrụ ma guzobe atụmatụ ọgwụgwọ 2,4-D nke na-enye ntọala dị mkpa maka mmepe nke ụdị kiwifruit ọhụrụ na-enweghị mkpụrụ. Ọmụmụ ihe a nwere ihe dị mkpa bara uru maka imeziwanye arụmọrụ na nkwado nke ụlọ ọrụ kiwifruit.
Nnyocha a gosiri irè nke ọgwụgwọ 2,4-D n'ịkpalite parthenocarpy n'ime ụdị kiwifruit nke China bụ 'Donghong'. A nyochachara njirimara mpụta (gụnyere ibu na nha mkpụrụ osisi) na àgwà dị n'ime (dịka shuga na acid) n'oge mmepe mkpụrụ osisi. Ọgwụgwọ na 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D mere ka mma mmetụta nke mkpụrụ osisi ahụ dịkwuo mma site n'ịbawanye ụtọ na ibelata acidity. N'ihi ya, oke shuga/acid mụbara nke ukwuu, nke mere ka mma mkpụrụ osisi ahụ dum dịkwuo mma. Agbanyeghị, a hụrụ nnukwu ọdịiche dị na ibu mkpụrụ osisi na ọdịnaya ihe kpọrọ nkụ n'etiti mkpụrụ osisi 2,4-D nke a gwọrọ na nke a gwọrọ. Ọmụmụ ihe a na-enye ozi bara uru gbasara mmụba mma parthenocarpy na mma mma mkpụrụ osisi na kiwifruit. Ojiji dị otú ahụ nwere ike ịbụ ihe ọzọ maka ndị na-akọ kiwifruit na-achọ ịmịpụta mkpụrụ osisi ma nweta mkpụrụ dị elu na-ejighị ụdị nwoke (a gwọrọ) na pollination artificial.
Oge ozi: Sep-02-2025