(Ewezuga pesticides, July 8, 2024) Biko nyefee nkwupụta site na Wednesday, July 31, 2024. Acephate bụ pesticide nke sitere na ezinụlọ organophosphate (OP) na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu ma na-egbu egbu nke na Ụlọ Ọrụ Nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi tụrụ aro ka amachibido ya ma e wezụga maka ya. usoro nchịkwa na osisi.Oge nkọwa emeghewo ugbu a, EPA ga-anabata nkwupụta ruo Wenezde, Julaị 31, na-esote ndọtị nke oge ngwụcha Julaị.N'okwu a fọdụrụnụ, EPA na-anọgide na-amaghị na neonicotinoid systemicọgwụ njenwere ike imerụ gburugburu ebe obibi nsogbu site n'iji ihe dị ndụ na-egbu egbu na-enweghị isi.
>> Biputere ihe gbasara acephate wee gwa EPA na e kwesịghị iji ọgwụ pesticide mee ihe ma ọ bụrụ na enwere ike imepụta ihe ọkụkụ.
EPA na-atụ aro ka a kwụsị iji acephate niile, ma e wezụga injections osisi, iji kpochapụ ihe ize ndụ niile ọ chọpụtala nke karịrị ogo nchegbu ya maka nri/mmiri ihe ọṅụṅụ, ihe ize ndụ obibi na ọrụ, na ihe ize ndụ ndị na-abụghị nke ezubere iche.ihe ize ndụ.Beyond pesticides kwuru na ọ bụ ezie na usoro ịgba ọgwụ osisi anaghị ebute oke nri ma ọ bụ ihe egwu ahụike zuru oke, ma ọ bụ na-ebute ihe egwu ọ bụla metụtara ọrụ ma ọ bụ ahụike mmadụ mgbe ejiri ya, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-eleghara nnukwu ihe egwu gburugburu ebe obibi anya.Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ anaghị enyocha ihe egwu gburugburu ebe obibi dị n'iji injections osisi, kama na-eche na ojiji a adịghị etinye nnukwu ihe ize ndụ nye ihe ndị na-abụghị ndị ezubere iche.N'ụzọ dị iche, iji injections osisi na-ebute ihe egwu dị egwu nye ndị na-emepụta pollinators na ụfọdụ ụdị nnụnụ ndị a na-apụghị ibelata na ya mere a ga-etinye ya na nkwụsị nke acephate.
Mgbe a na-etinye ya n'ime osisi, a na-agbanye ọgwụ pesticide ozugbo n'ime ogwe ahụ, na-etinye ngwa ngwa ma kesaa n'ime usoro vaskụla.N'ihi na acephate na ngwaahịa mmebi ya methamidophos bụ ọgwụ pesticides na-agbaze nke ukwuu, a na-ebuga kemịkalụ a n'akụkụ niile nke osisi, gụnyere pollen, sap, resin, epupụta na ndị ọzọ.Anụ na ụfọdụ nnụnụ dị ka hummingbirds, woodpeckers, sapsuckers, vine, nuthatches, chickadees, wdg nwere ike ikpughe na irighiri osisi ndị ejirila acephate gbanye.A na-ekpughere aṅụ ọ bụghị naanị mgbe a na-anakọta pollen mmetọ, kamakwa mgbe a na-anakọta sap na resin a na-eji emepụta propolis dị mkpa nke ekwo Ekwo.N'otu aka ahụ, nnụnụ nwere ike ikpughe na acephate / metamidophos na-egbu egbu mgbe ha na-eri nri na sap osisi emerụ emerụ, ụmụ ahụhụ na-egbu osisi, na ụmụ ahụhụ / larvae na-egbu osisi.
N'agbanyeghị na data nwere oke, US Environmental Protection Agency ekpebiela na iji acephate nwere ike ibute aṅụ n'ihe egwu.Otú ọ dị, a kọwabeghị ihe ọmụmụ pollinator zuru ezu na acephate ma ọ bụ methamidophos, n'ihi ya, ọ dịghị data gbasara oke ọnụ, ndị okenye na-adịghị ala ala, ma ọ bụ larval toxicity na mmanụ aṅụ;Ọdịiche data ndị a na-egosi ejighị n'aka dị ukwuu n'ịtụle mmetụta acephate na pollinators, n'ihi na nhụsianya nwere ike ịdịgasị iche site na oge ndụ na ogologo oge nke ikpughe (ndị okenye megide larvae na nnukwu na-adịghị ala ala, n'otu n'otu).Ihe omume ọjọọ nwere ihe nwere ike ime na mmetụta, gụnyere ọnwụ anwụ, ejikọtala na ikpughe aṅụ na acephate na/ma ọ bụ methamidophos.Ọ bụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya iche na ịgbanye acephate n'ime osisi anaghị ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke aṅụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọgwụgwọ foliar, kama ọ nwere ike ịbawanye ekpughere n'ihi oke doses etinyere n'ime osisi ahụ, si otú ahụ na-abawanye ohere nke nsi.Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nyere nkwupụta ihe ize ndụ pollinator maka ịgbanye osisi nke kwuru, "Ngwaahịa a na-egbu egbu maka aṅụ.Nkwupụta labelụ a ezughi oke iji chebe aṅụ na ihe ndị ọzọ dị ndụ ma ọ bụ ịkọwa oke ihe egwu dị.”
Achọpụtabeghị ihe ize ndụ dị n'iji acetate na ụzọ injection osisi maka ụdị ndị dị ize ndụ.Tupu emecha nyochaa nke ndebanye aha acephate, EPA ga-emecha nyocha nke ụdị ndị a depụtara na ndụmọdụ ọ bụla dị mkpa na US Fish and Wildlife Service na National Marine Fisheries Service, na-elebara anya karịsịa na nnụnụ na ụmụ ahụhụ edepụtara na ụdị nnụnụ na ụmụ ahụhụ ndị a. .jiri osisi ogwu gbanyere nri maka nri nri, nri nri na ebumnuche akwụ.
Na 2015, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dechara nyocha zuru oke nke endocrin disruptor acephates wee kwubie na ọ dịghị data ọzọ achọrọ iji nyochaa mmetụta nwere ike na estrogen, androgen, ma ọ bụ thyroid ụzọ n'ime mmadụ ma ọ bụ anụ ọhịa.Otú ọ dị, ozi na-adịbeghị anya na-egosi na endocrin na-akpaghasị ikike nke acephate na mmebi ya nke methamidophos site na ụzọ ndị na-abụghị ndị na-anabata ya nwere ike ịbụ nchegbu, ya mere EPA kwesịrị imelite nyocha ya nke endocrin na-emebi ihe ize ndụ nke acephate.
Na mgbakwunye, na nyocha nke ịdị irè ya, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi kwubiri na uru nke injections acetate n'ịchịkwa ụmụ ahụhụ osisi pere mpe n'ihi na ụzọ ọzọ dị irè dị maka ọtụtụ pests.Ya mere, nnukwu ihe ize ndụ dị na aṅụ na nnụnụ ndị metụtara ịgwọ osisi na acephate adịghị akwado ya site n'echiche bara uru.
> Biputere nkọwa na acephate wee gwa EPA na ọ bụrụ na enwere ike ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ, e kwesịghị iji ọgwụ nje mee ihe.
N'agbanyeghị na ọ na-ebute ụzọ nyocha nke ọgwụ pesticides organophosphate, EPA emebeghị ihe iji chebe ndị kachasị emetụta mmetụta neurotoxic ha-ndị ọrụ ugbo na ụmụaka.N'afọ 2021, ikpe ziri ezi n'ụwa na ndị otu ndị ọzọ rịọrọ Agencylọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe obibi ka ha debanye aha ọgwụ ndị a na-egbu egbu na-egbu egbu.N'oge opupu ihe ubi a, Consumer Reports (CR) duziri ọmụmụ ihe kachasị zuru oke ma nke ọgwụ ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta, na-achọpụta na ikpughe na ìgwè abụọ dị iche iche nke kemịkal - organophosphates na carbamate - bụ ihe kasị dị ize ndụ, yana jikọtara ya na ọrịa cancer, ọrịa shuga na ọrịa shuga. ọrịa obi.ọrịa.Dabere na nchoputa ndị a, CR gwara ndị ọrụ nchekwa gburugburu ka ha "machibido iji ọgwụ nje ndị a eme ihe na mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri."
Na mgbakwunye na okwu ndị a dị n'elu, EPA emeghị ka mmebi nke endocrine kwụsị.EPA anaghị atụlekwa ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-adịghị ike, ikpughe na ngwakọta, na mmekọrịta mmekọrịta mgbe ị na-edozi ọkwa nri fọdụrụ na-anabata.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ọgwụ ndị na-egbu egbu na-emerụ mmiri na ikuku anyị, na-emerụ ihe dị iche iche dị iche iche, na-emerụ ndị ọrụ ugbo, na-egbukwa aṅụ, nnụnụ, azụ̀, na anụ ọhịa ndị ọzọ.
Ọ dị mkpa iburu n'obi na nri organic nke USDA kwadoro anaghị eji ọgwụ pesticides na-egbu egbu na mmepụta ya.Mfọda pesticide dị n'ime ihe ọkụkụ, ma ewezuga ole na ole, bụ nsonaazụ mmetọ kemịkalụ siri ike n'ọrụ ugbo n'ihi mkpagharị pesticide, mmetọ mmiri, ma ọ bụ ihe fọdụrụ n'okirikiri ala.Ọ bụghị naanị na mmepụta nri organic ka mma maka ahụike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi karịa mmepụta ihe na-eme ka mmiri ọgwụ, sayensị kachasị ọhụrụ na-ekpughekwa ihe ndị na-akwado organic na-ekwu ogologo oge: nri organic ka mma, na mgbakwunye na enweghị ihe ndị na-egbu egbu sitere na nri omenala. ngwaahịa.Ọ na-edozi ahụ́, ọ dịghịkwa emerụ mmadụ ahụ́ ma ọ bụ metọọ obodo ebe a na-akọ nri."
Nnyocha nke The Organic Center bipụtara na-egosi na nri ndị na-edozi ahụ na-enweta akara dị elu na mpaghara ụfọdụ dị mkpa, dị ka mkpokọta ikike antioxidant, mkpokọta polyphenols, na flavonoids abụọ, quercetin na kaempferol, ha niile nwere uru nri.Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Agricultural Food Chemistry nyochara kpọmkwem ọdịnaya phenolic nke blueberries, strawberries, na ọka wee chọpụta na nri ndị a na-eto eto nwere ọdịnaya phenolic dị elu.Ogige phenolic dị mkpa maka ahụ ike osisi (nchebe megide ụmụ ahụhụ na ọrịa) na ahụike mmadụ n'ihi na ha nwere "ọrụ antioxidant dị ike na ọtụtụ ọgwụ ọgwụ, gụnyere anticancer, antioxidant, na platelet aggregation inhibitory ọrụ."
Nyere uru nke mmepụta organic, EPA kwesịrị iji mmepụta organic dị ka ihe atụ mgbe ị na-atụle ihe ize ndụ na uru dị na pesticides.Ọ bụrụ na enwere ike ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ n'ụzọ anụ ahụ, e kwesịghị iji ọgwụ nje mee ihe."
>> Biputere nkọwa na acephate wee gwa EPA na ọ bụrụ na enwere ike itolite ihe ọkụkụ, a gaghị eji ọgwụ nje eme ihe.
Etinyere ndenye a na Mọnde, Julaị 8, 2024 na elekere 12:01 nke ehihie wee deba ya n'okpuru Acephate, Agencylọ Ọrụ Nchebe Gburugburu Ebe Obibi (EPA), Were Action, Uncategorized.Ị nwere ike soro nzaghachi nye ndenye a site na ndepụta RSS 2.0.Ị nwere ike ịga na njedebe wee hapụ nzaghachi.A naghị anabata Ping n'oge a.
Oge nzipu: Jul-15-2024