Mgbanwe ihu igwe na mmụba ngwa ngwa nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ abụrụla ihe ịma aka dị mkpa maka nchekwa nri zuru ụwa ọnụ. Otu ngwọta na-ekwe nkwa bụ ijindị na-achịkwa uto osisi(PGRs) iji mee ka ihe ubi na-amịpụta ma merie ọnọdụ uto na-adịghị mma dịka ihu igwe ọzara. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, carotenoid zaxinone na abụọ n'ime ihe ndị yiri ya (MiZax3 na MiZax5) egosila na ọ na-akwalite uto na mkpụrụ ọka na akwụkwọ nri n'okpuru ọnọdụ griin haus na ubi. N'ebe a, anyị nyochakwuru mmetụta nke oke MiZax3 na MiZax5 dị iche iche (5 μM na 10 μM na 2021; 2.5 μM na 5 μM na 2022) na uto na mkpụrụ nke ihe ubi akwụkwọ nri abụọ dị oke ọnụ ahịa na Cambodia: nduku na strawberry Saudi Arabia. Arabia. Na nnwale ubi ise nọọrọ onwe ha site na 2021 ruo 2022, itinye MiZax abụọ ahụ emelitere nke ukwuu njirimara agronomic osisi, ihe mejupụtara mkpụrụ na mkpụrụ zuru oke. Ọ dị mkpa ịmara na a na-eji MiZax na obere doses karịa humic acid (ihe eji eme azụmahịa nke ejiri ebe a tụnyere). Ya mere, ihe anyị chọpụtara gosiri na MiZax bụ ihe na-enye ezigbo nkwa maka uto osisi nke enwere ike iji mee ka uto na mmepụta nke ihe ọkụkụ dị iche iche bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ha too ma na-amịpụta mkpụrụ ọbụlagodi n'ọzara na n'ebe dị ala.
Dịka Òtù Nri na Ọrụ Ugbo nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu (FAO) si kwuo, usoro mmepụta nri anyị ga-emerịrị ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okpukpu atọ ka ọ na-erule afọ 2050 iji nye ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na-eto eto n'ụwa niile nri (FAO: Ụwa ga-achọ nri karịa pasent 70 ka ọ na-erule afọ 20501). N'ezie, mmụba ngwa ngwa nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, mmetọ, mmegharị ahụhụ na karịsịa okpomọkụ dị elu na oké ọkọchị nke mgbanwe ihu igwe kpatara bụ ihe ịma aka niile na-eche nchekwa nri ụwa ihu2. N'akụkụ a, ịbawanye oke mmepụta nke ihe ubi ugbo n'ọnọdụ na-adịghị mma bụ otu n'ime ihe ngwọta a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha maka nsogbu a dị mkpa. Agbanyeghị, uto na mmepe osisi dabere na nnweta nri dị n'ala ma ihe ndị na-adịghị mma gburugburu ebe obibi na-egbochi ya nke ukwuu, gụnyere ụkọ mmiri, nnu ma ọ bụ nrụgide biotic3,4,5. Nrụgide ndị a nwere ike imetụta ahụike na mmepe nke ihe ọkụkụ n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma ma mechaa mee ka mkpụrụ osisi belata. Na mgbakwunye, obere mmiri dị ọcha na-emetụta ịgbara mmiri n'ubi, ebe mgbanwe ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ na-ebelata mpaghara ala a na-akọ ihe ubi na ihe omume dị ka ebili mmiri okpomọkụ na-ebelata mmepụta ihe ubi7,8. Oke okpomọkụ dịkarịsịrị n'ọtụtụ akụkụ ụwa, gụnyere Saudi Arabia. Ojiji nke ihe na-akpali akpali ma ọ bụ ihe na-achịkwa uto osisi (PGRs) bara uru maka ime ka usoro uto dị mkpụmkpụ ma mee ka mkpụrụ ya bawanye uru. Ọ nwere ike ime ka iguzogide ihe ọkụkụ ka mma ma mee ka osisi nwee ike ịnagide ọnọdụ uto na-adịghị mma9. N'akụkụ a, enwere ike iji ihe na-akpali akpali na ihe ndị na-achịkwa uto osisi mee ihe n'ọtụtụ kachasị mma iji melite uto na mmepụta ihe osisi10,11.
Carotenoids bụ tetraterpenoids nke na-ejekwa ozi dị ka ihe ndị na-ebute ụzọ maka phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) na strigolactone (SL)12,13,14, yana ndị na-achịkwa uto a chọpụtara n'oge na-adịbeghị anya zaxinone, anorene na cyclocitral15,16,17,18,19. Agbanyeghị, ọtụtụ metabolites n'ezie, gụnyere ihe ndị sitere n'okike, nwere obere isi mmalite na/ma ọ bụ na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe, na-eme ka ojiji ha kpọmkwem n'ọhịa a sie ike. Ya mere, n'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga, emepụtala ma nwalee ọtụtụ analogues/mimetics ABA na SL maka ojiji ugbo20,21,22,23,24,25. N'otu aka ahụ, anyị mepụtara mimetics nke zaxinone (MiZax) n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, metabolite na-akwalite uto nke nwere ike ime mmetụta ya site na ime ka metabolism shuga dịkwuo mma na ịchịkwa homeostasis SL na mgbọrọgwụ osikapa19,26. Ihe atụ nke zaxinone 3 (MiZax3) na MiZax5 (ihe owuwu kemịkalụ egosiri na Foto 1A) gosiri ọrụ ndu yiri zaxinone n'osisi osikapa ọhịa a kụrụ n'ime mmiri na n'ime ala26. Ọzọkwa, ọgwụgwọ tomato, nkwụ date, ose akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ugu na zaxinone, MiZax3 na MiZx5 mere ka uto na mmepụta osisi ka mma, ya bụ, mkpụrụ ose na ịdị mma ya, n'okpuru ọnọdụ griin haus na ubi mepere emepe, na-egosi ọrụ ha dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali na ojiji nke PGR27. . N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, MiZax3 na MiZax5 mekwara ka nnu dị na ose akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ a kụrụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ nnu dị elu, MiZax3 mekwara ka ọdịnaya zinc nke mkpụrụ osisi dịkwuo elu mgbe ejiri usoro ígwè-organic nke zinc kpuchie ya7,28.
(A) Nhazi kemịkalụ nke MiZax3 na MiZax5. (B) Mmetụta nke ịgba akwụkwọ nke MZ3 na MZ5 na mkpokọta nke 5 µM na 10 µM na osisi nduku n'okpuru ọnọdụ ubi mepere emepe. Nnwale a ga-eme na 2021. E gosipụtara data dị ka nkezi ± SD. n≥15. E mere nyocha ọnụọgụgụ site na iji nyocha otu ụzọ nke mgbanwe (ANOVA) na ule Tukey mgbe hoc gasịrị. Akara kpakpando na-egosi ọdịiche dị mkpa na ọnụọgụgụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe atụ (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, ọ bụghị ihe dị mkpa). HA – humic acid; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5; HA – humic acid; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5; HA – humic acid; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
N'ọrụ a, anyị tụlere MiZax (MiZax3 na MiZax5) na mkpokọta akwụkwọ nri atọ (5 µM na 10 µM na 2021 na 2.5 µM na 5 µM na 2022) ma tụnyere ha na nduku (Solanum tuberosum L). E jiri ihe na-achịkwa uto azụmaahịa humic acid (HA) tụnyere strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) na nnwale griin haus strawberry na 2021 na 2022 na na nnwale ubi anọ na Alaeze Saudi Arabia, mpaghara ihu igwe ọzara nkịtị. Ọ bụ ezie na HA bụ ihe na-akpali akpali nke ukwuu nke nwere ọtụtụ mmetụta bara uru, gụnyere ịbawanye nnweta nri na ala na ịkwalite uto ihe ubi site na ịchịkwa homeostasis homonu, nsonaazụ anyị na-egosi na MiZax ka HA mma.
E si n'ụlọ ọrụ Jabbar Nasser Al Bishi Trading Company, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia zụta mkpụrụ osisi nduku nke ụdị Diamond. E si n'ụlọ ọrụ Modern Agritech, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia zụta mkpụrụ osisi strawberry abụọ bụ́ "Sweet Charlie" na "Festival" na humic acid. Ihe ọkụkụ niile e ji rụọ ọrụ a kwekọrọ n'Akwụkwọ Amụma IUCN gbasara Nnyocha Banyere Ụdị Ndị Nọ n'Ihe Ize Ndụ na Nkwekọrịta Banyere Azụmaahịa n'Ụdị Anụmanụ na Osisi Ohia Ndị Nọ n'Ihe Ize Ndụ.
Ebe nnwale ahụ dị na Hada Al-Sham, Saudi Arabia (21°48′3″N, 39°43′25″E). Ala ahụ bụ ájá ájá, pH 7.8, EC 1.79 dcm-130. E gosiri ihe ndị dị na ala na Tebụl Mgbakwunye S1.
E kewara mkpụrụ osisi strawberry atọ (Fragaria x ananassa D. var. Festival) n'oge akwụkwọ ezi ụzọ atọ iji nyochaa mmetụta nke ịgbasa akwụkwọ na 10 μM MiZax3 na MiZax5 na njirimara uto na oge okooko n'okpuru ọnọdụ griinhaus. E jiri mmiri fesa akwụkwọ na mmiri (nwere 0.1% acetone) dị ka ọgwụgwọ ihe atụ. E tinyere ọgwụ fesa akwụkwọ MiZax ugboro asaa n'otu oge n'izu. E mere nnwale abụọ n'onwe ha na Septemba 15 na 28, 2021, n'otu n'otu. Ọnụọgụ mmalite nke ihe mejupụtara ọ bụla bụ 50 ml wee jiri nwayọ mụbaa ruo na dose ikpeazụ nke 250 ml. Maka izu abụọ n'usoro, e dekọrọ ọnụọgụ osisi okooko osisi kwa ụbọchị ma gbakọọ ọnụego okooko osisi na mmalite nke izu nke anọ. Iji chọpụta àgwà uto, a tụrụ ọnụọgụ akwụkwọ, ibu ọhụrụ na nke kpọrọ nkụ nke osisi, mkpokọta mpaghara akwụkwọ, na ọnụọgụ stolons kwa osisi na njedebe nke usoro uto na mmalite nke usoro ọmụmụ. E ji mita nha akwụkwọ tụọ ebe akwụkwọ ahụ dị, e wee kpọọ ihe ndị ọhụrụ n'ime oven na 100°C ruo awa iri anọ na asatọ.
E mere nnwale ubi abụọ: ịkọ ubi n'oge na n'oge. A na-akụ mkpụrụ nduku nke ụdị "Diamant" na Nọvemba na Febụwarị, yana oge ntozu na oge ntozu, n'otu n'otu. A na-eji ihe na-akpali akpali (MiZax-3 na -5) eme ihe na mkpokọta nke 5.0 na 10.0 µM (2021) na 2.5 na 5.0 µM (2022). Fesa humic acid (HA) 1 g/l ugboro 8 n'izu. E jiri mmiri ma ọ bụ acetone mee ihe dị ka njikwa na-adịghị mma. E gosiri nhazi nnwale ubi na (Foto mgbakwunye S1). E jiri nhazi ngọngọ zuru oke (RCBD) nwere mpaghara ala nke 2.5 m × 3.0 m mee nnwale ubi. E meghachiri ọgwụgwọ ọ bụla ugboro atọ dị ka ihe ndị na-emegharị onwe ha. Anya dị n'etiti ala ọ bụla bụ 1.0 m, anya dị n'etiti ala ọ bụla bụ 2.0 m. Anya dị n'etiti osisi bụ 0.6 m, anya dị n'etiti ahịrị bụ 1 m. A na-agba mmiri n'osisi nduku kwa ụbọchị site na ntapu mmiri nke lita 3.4 kwa otu ntapu mmiri ọ bụla. Sistemụ ahụ na-agba ugboro abụọ n'ụbọchị maka nkeji iri oge ọ bụla iji nye osisi mmiri. E tinyere usoro ọrụ ugbo niile akwadoro maka ịkọ nduku n'ọnọdụ ọkọchị31. A tụrụ ọnwa anọ mgbe a kụchara ya, ogologo osisi (cm), ọnụọgụ alaka osisi ọ bụla, ihe mejupụtara nduku na mkpụrụ ya, na ịdị mma nke ntu ahụ site na iji usoro ọkọlọtọ.
A nwalere mkpụrụ osisi strawberry abụọ (Sweet Charlie na Festival) n'okpuru ọnọdụ ubi. E jiri ihe ndị na-akpali akpali (MiZax-3 na -5) mee ihe dị ka ịgba akwụkwọ na mkpokọta nke 5.0 na 10.0 µM (2021) na 2.5 na 5.0 µM (2022) ugboro asatọ n'izu. Jiri 1 g nke HA kwa lita dị ka ịgba akwụkwọ n'otu oge na MiZax-3 na -5, yana ngwakọta njikwa H2O ma ọ bụ acetone dị ka njikwa na-adịghị mma. A kụrụ mkpụrụ osisi strawberry n'ala 2.5 x 3 m na mbido Nọvemba, ya na oghere osisi nke 0.6 m na oghere ahịrị nke 1 m. Emere nnwale ahụ na RCBD ma mee ya ugboro atọ. A na-agba osisi mmiri maka nkeji iri kwa ụbọchị na elekere 7:00 na elekere 17:00 site na iji usoro ịgba mmiri nke nwere mmiri ntapu dị n'etiti 0.6 m na ikike nke 3.4 L. A tụrụ akụkụ Agrotechnical na paramita mkpụrụ n'oge oge uto. A nwalere ụdị mkpụrụ osisi dị iche iche dịka TSS (%), vitamin C32, acidity na mkpokọta phenolic compounds33 na Laboratory of Postharvest Physiology and Technology nke King Abdulaziz University.
A na-egosi data dị ka ụzọ, a na-egosipụtakwa mgbanwe dị ka ọdịiche ọkọlọtọ. E jiri otu ụzọ ANOVA (otu ụzọ ANOVA) ma ọ bụ ANOVA ụzọ abụọ chọpụta mkpa ọnụọgụgụ site na iji ule ntụnyere ọtụtụ Tukey site na iji ọkwa ohere nke p < 0.05 ma ọ bụ ule t nke ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere ọdụ abụọ iji chọpụta ọdịiche dị mkpa (*p < 0.05, * *p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001). E jiri ụdị GraphPad Prism 8.3.0 mee nkọwa ọnụọgụgụ niile. E jiri nyocha akụkụ bụ isi (PCA), usoro ọnụọgụgụ dị iche iche, nwalee njikọ ndị a site na iji ngwugwu R 34.
N'akụkọ gara aga, anyị gosiri ọrụ MiZax na-akwalite uto na 5 na 10 μM n'ime osisi ubi ma melite ihe ngosi chlorophyll na Nnyocha Osisi Ala (SPAD)27. Dabere na nsonaazụ ndị a, anyị jiri otu mkpokọta ahụ nyochaa mmetụta nke MiZax na nduku, ihe ọkụkụ nri zuru ụwa ọnụ dị mkpa, na nnwale ubi n'ọzara na 2021. Karịsịa, anyị nwere mmasị ịnwale ma MiZax nwere ike ịbawanye mkpokọta starch, ngwaahịa ikpeazụ nke photosynthesis. N'ozuzu, itinye MiZax n'ọrụ mere ka uto nke osisi nduku ka mma ma e jiri ya tụnyere humic acid (HA), nke butere mmụba na ogologo osisi, biomass na ọnụọgụ alaka (Fig. 1B). Na mgbakwunye, anyị hụrụ na 5 μM MiZax3 na MiZax5 nwere mmetụta siri ike na ịbawanye elu osisi, ọnụọgụ alaka, na biomass osisi ma e jiri ya tụnyere 10 μM (Foto 1B). Tinyere uto ka mma, MiZax mụbara mkpụrụ, a tụrụ ya site na ọnụọgụ na ibu nke tubers a kụrụ. Mmetụta uru zuru oke ahụ adịchaghị njọ mgbe e nyere MiZax na mkpokọta 10 μM, nke na-egosi na a ga-enye ihe ndị a na mkpokọta dị n'okpuru nke a (Foto 1B). Na mgbakwunye, anyị ahụghị ọdịiche ọ bụla na paramita niile e dekọrọ n'etiti ọgwụgwọ acetone (mock) na mmiri (njikwa), na-egosi na mmetụta mgbanwe uto a hụrụ abụghị nke ihe mgbaze ahụ kpatara, nke kwekọrọ na akụkọ anyị gara aga27.
Ebe ọ bụ na oge ịkọ poteto na Saudi Arabia gụnyere ntozu mmalite na oge na-adịghị anya, anyị mere nnyocha ubi nke abụọ na 2022 site na iji obere mkpokọta (2.5 na 5 µM) n'ime oge abụọ iji nyochaa mmetụta oge nke ubi mepere emepe (Foto mgbakwunye S2A). Dịka a tụrụ anya ya, ojiji abụọ nke MiZax 5 μM rụpụtara mmetụta na-akwalite uto yiri nnwale mbụ: mmụba elu osisi, mmụba alaka, biomass dị elu, na mmụba ọnụọgụ tuber (Foto 2; Foto mgbakwunye S3). Ihe dị mkpa bụ na anyị hụrụ mmetụta dị ukwuu nke PGR ndị a na mkpokọta nke 2.5 μM, ebe ọgwụgwọ GA egosighi mmetụta a tụrụ anya ya. Nsonaazụ a na-egosi na enwere ike iji MiZax ọbụlagodi na obere mkpokọta karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya. Na mgbakwunye, itinye MiZax mụbara ogologo na obosara nke tubers (Foto mgbakwunye S2B). Anyị chọpụtakwara mmụba dị ukwuu na ibu tuber, mana itinye 2.5 µM ka etinyere naanị n'oge abụọ a kụrụ ihe;
Nnyocha ihe atụ nke osisi nke mmetụta MiZax nwere na osisi nduku ndị toro eto n'ubi KAU, nke emere na 2022. Data na-egosi nkezi ± ọdịiche ọkọlọtọ. n≥15. E mere nyocha ọnụọgụgụ site na iji nyocha otu ụzọ nke mgbanwe (ANOVA) na ule Tukey mgbe hoc gasịrị. Akara kpakpando na-egosi ọdịiche dị mkpa na ọnụọgụgụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe atụ (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, ọ bụghị ihe dị mkpa). HA – humic acid; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5; HA – humic acid; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Iji ghọta mmetụta ọgwụgwọ (T) na afọ (Y) nke ọma, e jiri ANOVA nke nwere ụzọ abụọ nyochaa mmekọrịta ha (T x Y). Ọ bụ ezie na ihe ndị na-akpali akpali niile (T) mụbara elu na biomass nke osisi nduku nke ukwuu, naanị MiZax3 na MiZax5 mụbara ọnụọgụ na ibu nke tuber nke ukwuu, na-egosi na nzaghachi bidirectional nke tubers nduku na MiZax abụọ ahụ yiri nnọọ (Foto 3)). Na mgbakwunye, na mmalite oge ihu igwe (https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/saudi-arabia/jeddah/climate) na-adịkwu ọkụ (nkezi 28 °C na iru mmiri 52% (2022), nke na-ebelata biomass tuber dum nke ukwuu (Foto 2; Foto Mgbakwunye S3).
Mụọ mmetụta nke ọgwụgwọ 5 µm (T), afọ (Y) na mmekọrịta ha (T x Y) na nduku. Data na-egosi nkezi ± ọdịiche ọkọlọtọ. n ≥ 30. Ejiri nyocha ụzọ abụọ nke mgbanwe (ANOVA) mee nyocha ọnụọgụgụ. Akara kpakpando na-egosi ọdịiche dị mkpa na ọnụọgụgụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe atụ (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, ọ bụghị ihe dị mkpa). HA – humic acid; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Agbanyeghị, ọgwụgwọ Myzax ka na-akpali uto nke osisi ndị na-eto eto n'oge na-adịghị anya. N'ozuzu, nnwale atọ anyị mere n'onwe ha gosiri n'enweghị obi abụọ na itinye MiZax n'ọrụ nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'otú e si hazie osisi site n'ịbawanye ọnụọgụ alaka. N'ezie, enwere mmetụta mmekọrịta dị mkpa n'etiti (T) na (Y) na ọnụọgụ alaka mgbe ọgwụgwọ MiZax gasịrị (Foto 3). Nsonaazụ a kwekọrọ na ọrụ ha dị ka ndị na-achịkwa strigolactone (SL) biosynthesis26 na-adịghị mma. Na mgbakwunye, anyị egosila na mbụ na ọgwụgwọ Zaxinone na-akpata mkpokọta starch na mgbọrọgwụ osikapa35, nke nwere ike ịkọwa mmụba na nha na ibu nke tubers nduku mgbe ọgwụgwọ MiZax gasịrị, ebe ọ bụ na tubers bụ isi ihe mejupụtara starch.
Mkpụrụ osisi bụ osisi akụ na ụba dị mkpa. Strawberries na-enwe mmetụta maka ọnọdụ nrụgide dị ka ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na oke okpomọkụ. Ya mere, anyị nyochara mmetụta MiZax na strawberries site n'ịgbasa akwụkwọ. Anyị buru ụzọ nye MiZax na mkpokọta nke 10 µM iji nyochaa mmetụta ya na uto strawberry (Cultivary Festival). N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, anyị hụrụ na MiZax3 mụbara ọnụọgụgụ stolons nke ukwuu, nke kwekọrọ na mmụba alaka, ebe MiZax5 meziwanye ọnụego okooko osisi, biomass osisi, na mpaghara akwụkwọ n'okpuru ọnọdụ griinhaus (Mgbakwunye Foto S4), na-egosi na ihe abụọ a nwere ike ịdị iche na bayoloji. Ihe omume 26,27. Iji ghọtakwuo mmetụta ha na strawberry n'okpuru ọnọdụ ọrụ ugbo n'ezie, anyị mere nnwale ubi site n'iji MiZax 5 na 10 μM na osisi strawberry (cv. Sweet Charlie) a kụrụ n'ala ọkara ájá na 2021 (fig. S5A). Ma e jiri ya tụnyere GC, anyị ahụghị mmụba na biomass osisi, mana anyị hụrụ usoro na-aga n'ihu na mmụba na ọnụọgụ mkpụrụ osisi (Fig. C6A-B). Agbanyeghị, ojiji MiZax butere mmụba dị ukwuu na otu mkpụrụ osisi ma gosi na enwere ike itinye ya n'ihe ndị dị mkpa (Foto mgbakwunye S5B; Foto mgbakwunye S6B), na-egosi mmetụta nke ndị na-achịkwa uto osisi ndị a na àgwà mkpụrụ osisi strawberry mgbe etinyere ya n'okpuru ọnọdụ ọzara.
Iji ghọta ma mmetụta nkwalite uto ahụ dabere n'ụdị ụdị mkpụrụ osisi, anyị họọrọ ụdị mkpụrụ osisi strawberry abụọ na Saudi Arabia (Sweet Charlie na Festival) ma mee ọmụmụ ihe ubi abụọ na 2022 site na iji obere mkpokọta MiZax (2.5 na 5 µM). Maka Sweet Charlie, ọ bụ ezie na ọnụọgụ mkpụrụ osisi niile amụbaghị nke ukwuu, biomass mkpụrụ osisi dị elu karịa maka osisi ejiri MiZax gwọọ, ọnụọgụ mkpụrụ osisi kwa ala mụbara mgbe ọgwụgwọ MiZax3 gasịrị (Foto 4). Data ndị a na-atụkwa aro na ọrụ ndu nke MiZax3 na MiZax5 nwere ike ịdị iche. Na mgbakwunye, mgbe ejiri Myzax gwọọ ya, anyị hụrụ mmụba na ibu osisi ọhụrụ na nke kpọrọ nkụ, yana ogologo oge nke osisi. Banyere ọnụọgụ stolons na osisi ọhụrụ, anyị hụrụ mmụba naanị na 5 μM MiZax (Foto 4), na-egosi na nhazi MiZax kacha mma dabere na ụdị osisi.
Mmetụta nke MiZax nwere n'otú osisi si arụ ọrụ na mkpụrụ osisi strawberry (ụdị Sweet Charlie) site na ubi KAU, nke e mere na 2022. Data na-egosi nkezi ± ọdịiche ọkọlọtọ. n ≥ 15, mana ọnụọgụ mkpụrụ osisi kwa ala gbakọrọ na nkezi site na osisi 15 site na ala atọ (n = 3). E mere nyocha ọnụọgụgụ site na iji nyocha otu ụzọ nke mgbanwe (ANOVA) na ule Tukey post hoc ma ọ bụ ule t nke ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere ọdụ abụọ. Akara kpakpando na-egosi ọdịiche dị mkpa na ọnụ ọgụgụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe nlereanya (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, ọ bụghị ihe dị mkpa). HA – humic acid; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Anyị hụkwara ọrụ ndị yiri nke ahụ na-akpali uto n'ihe gbasara ibu mkpụrụ osisi na biomass osisi na strawberries nke ụdị Ememme (Foto 5), mana anyị ahụghị nnukwu ọdịiche na mkpokọta mkpụrụ osisi kwa osisi ma ọ bụ kwa ala (Foto 5); . N'ụzọ na-adọrọ mmasị, itinye MiZax n'ọrụ mụbara ogologo osisi na ọnụọgụ stolons, na-egosi na enwere ike iji ihe ndị na-achịkwa uto osisi ndị a mee ka uto nke mkpụrụ osisi dịkwuo mma (Foto 5). Na mgbakwunye, anyị tụrụ ọtụtụ paramita biochemical iji ghọta àgwà mkpụrụ osisi nke ụdị abụọ a nakọtara n'ubi, mana anyị enwetaghị ọdịiche ọ bụla n'etiti ọgwụgwọ niile (Foto Mgbakwunye S7; Foto Mgbakwunye S8).
Mmetụta nke MiZax nwere n'otú osisi si arụ ọrụ na mkpụrụ osisi strawberry n'ọhịa KAU (ụdị ememme), 2022. Data bụ nkezi ± ọdịiche ọkọlọtọ. n ≥ 15, mana ọnụọgụ mkpụrụ osisi kwa mpaghara gbakọrọ na nkezi site na osisi 15 site na mpaghara atọ (n = 3). E mere nyocha ọnụọgụgụ site na iji nyocha otu ụzọ nke mgbanwe (ANOVA) na ule Tukey mgbe hoc gasịrị ma ọ bụ ule t nke ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere ọdụ abụọ. Akara kpakpando na-egosi ọdịiche dị mkpa na ọnụọgụgụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe atụ (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, ọ bụghị ihe dị mkpa). HA – humic acid; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
N'ọmụmụ ihe anyị mere gbasara strọberị, ọrụ ndu nke MiZax3 na MiZax5 dị iche. Anyị buru ụzọ leba anya n'otú ọgwụgwọ (T) na afọ (Y) si emetụta otu ụdị osisi ahụ (Sweet Charlie) site na iji ANOVA abụọ iji chọpụta mmekọrịta ha (T x Y). Ya mere, GA enweghị mmetụta ọ bụla na ụdị osisi strọberị (Sweet Charlie), ebe 5 μM MiZax3 na MiZax5 mụbara nke ukwuu na biomass osisi na mkpụrụ osisi (Fig. 6), na-egosi na mmekọrịta ụzọ abụọ nke MiZax abụọ ahụ yiri nnọọ na mmepụta ihe ubi strọberị.
Nyochaa mmetụta nke ọgwụgwọ 5 µM (T), afọ (Y) na mmekọrịta ha (T x Y) na strawberries (cv. Sweet Charlie). Data na-egosi nkezi ± ọdịiche ọkọlọtọ. n ≥ 30. Ejiri nyocha ụzọ abụọ nke mgbanwe (ANOVA) mee nyocha ọnụọgụgụ. Akara kpakpando na-egosi ọdịiche dị mkpa na ọnụọgụgụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe atụ (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, ọ bụghị ihe dị mkpa). HA – humic acid; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Ọzọkwa, ebe ọ bụ na ọrụ MiZax na ụdị osisi abụọ ahụ dịtụ iche (Foto 4; Foto 5), anyị mere ANOVA nke abụọ n'iji ọgwụgwọ (T) na ụdị osisi abụọ ahụ (C) tụnyere. Nke mbụ, ọgwụgwọ ọ bụla emetụtaghị ọnụọgụ mkpụrụ osisi kwa mpaghara (Foto 7), na-egosi na ọ dịghị mmekọrịta dị mkpa n'etiti (T x C) ma na-egosi na MiZax ma ọ bụ HA anaghị enye aka na ọnụọgụ mkpụrụ osisi niile. N'ụzọ dị iche, MiZax (mana ọ bụghị HA) mụbara ibu osisi, ibu mkpụrụ osisi, stolons na osisi ọhụrụ nke ukwuu (Foto 7), na-egosi na MiZax3 na MiZax5 na-akwalite uto nke ụdị osisi strawberry dị iche iche nke ukwuu. Dabere na ANOVA abụọ (T x Y) na (T x C), anyị nwere ike ikwubi na ọrụ ndị na-akwalite uto nke MiZax3 na MiZax5 n'okpuru ọnọdụ ubi yiri nnọọ ma na-agbanwe agbanwe.
Nnyocha nke ọgwụgwọ strọberị na 5 µM (T), ụdị abụọ (C) na mmekọrịta ha (T x C). Data na-egosi nkezi ± ọdịiche ọkọlọtọ. n ≥ 30, mana ọnụọgụ mkpụrụ osisi kwa mpaghara gbakọrọ na nkezi site na osisi 15 site na mpaghara atọ (n = 6). Ejiri nyocha ụzọ abụọ nke mgbanwe (ANOVA) mee nyocha ọnụọgụgụ. Akara kpakpando na-egosi ọdịiche dị mkpa na ọnụọgụgụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe atụ (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, ọ bụghị ihe dị mkpa). HA – humic acid; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
N'ikpeazụ, anyị jiri nyocha akụkụ bụ isi (PCA) nyochaa mmetụta nke ihe ndị e tinyere n'ọrụ na nduku (T x Y) na strawberry (T x C). Ọnụọgụ ndị a na-egosi na ọgwụgwọ HA yiri acetone na nduku ma ọ bụ mmiri na strawberry (Foto 8), na-egosi obere mmetụta dị mma na uto osisi. N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, mmetụta MiZax3 na MiZax5 n'ozuzu ya gosiri otu nkesa ahụ na nduku (Foto 8A), ebe nkesa nke ihe abụọ a na strawberry dị iche (Foto 8B). Ọ bụ ezie na MiZax3 na MiZax5 gosipụtara nkesa dị mma na uto na mkpụrụ osisi, nyocha PCA gosiri na ọrụ nhazi uto nwekwara ike ịdabere na ụdị osisi.
Nnyocha akụkụ bụ isi (PCA) nke (A) nduku (T x Y) na (B) strọberị (T x C). Akara akara maka otu abụọ ahụ. Ahịrị nke jikọtara akụkụ ọ bụla na-eduga n'etiti otu ahụ.
Na nchịkọta, dabere na ọmụmụ ihe ubi ise anyị mere n'onwe anyị gbasara ihe ubi abụọ bara uru ma kwekọrọ na akụkọ anyị gara aga site na 2020 ruo 202226,27, MiZax3 na MiZax5 bụ ndị na-ahụ maka uto osisi nke nwere ike ime ka uto na mmepụta ihe dịkwuo mma, gụnyere ọka, osisi osisi (osisi date) na mkpụrụ osisi ubi26,27. Ọ bụ ezie na usoro molekul karịrị ọrụ ha na-adịghị ike, ha nwere nnukwu ikike maka itinye n'ọrụ ubi. Nke kachasị mma, ma e jiri ya tụnyere humic acid, a na-etinye MiZax n'ọtụtụ dị nta (ọkwa micromolar ma ọ bụ milligram) mmetụta dị mma na-apụta ìhè karịa. Ya mere, anyị na-eme atụmatụ na ọnụego MiZax3 kwa ngwa (site na obere mkpokọta ruo na nnukwu mkpokọta): 3, 6 ma ọ bụ 12 g/ha, yana dose nke MiZx5: 4, 7 ma ọ bụ 13 g/ha, na-eme ka PGR ndị a baa uru maka imeziwanye mkpụrụ osisi. Enwere ike ime nke ọma.
Oge ozi: Julaị-29-2024