Enwere ike iji ero mgbawa osikapa Kosakonia oryziphila NP19 dị ka ihe na-akwalite uto osisi na ọgwụ nje iji gbochie mgbawa osikapa nke ụdị KDML105.

Nnyocha a na-egosi na ero rhizosphere symbiotic *Kosakonia oryziphila* NP19 nke e kewapụrụ na mgbọrọgwụ osikapa bụ ihe na-ekwe nkwa uto osisi na-akwalite ọgwụ nje na ọgwụ nje maka njikwa mgbawa osikapa nke *Pyricularia oryzae* kpatara. E mere nnwale In vitro na akwụkwọ ọhụrụ nke mkpụrụ osikapa jasmine nke ụdị Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML105). Nsonaazụ gosiri na NP19 gbochiri mmepe nke *Pyricularia oryzae* conidia nke ọma. E gbochiri ọrịa *Pyricularia oryzae* n'okpuru ọnọdụ ọgwụgwọ atọ dị iche iche: nke mbụ, e tinyere osikapa n'ime NP19 ma gbaa *Pyricularia oryzae* conidia ọgwụ; nke abụọ, e tinyere ngwakọta nke NP19 na *Pyricularia oryzae* conidia n'akwụkwọ;
Nje bacteria rhizosphere *Kosakonia oryziphila* NP19¹⁴e si na mgbọrọgwụ osikapa wepụta ya (*Oryza sativa* L. cv. RD6). *Kosakonia oryziphila* NP19 nwere ihe ndị na-akwalite uto osisi, gụnyere ntinye nitrogen, mmepụta indoleacetic acid (IAA), na mmịpụta phosphate. Ihe na-adọrọ mmasị bụ na *Kosakonia oryziphila* NP19 na-emepụta chitinase^14.Iji *Kosakonia oryziphila* NP19 mee ihe na mkpụrụ osikapa KDML105 mere ka ndụ osikapa ka mma mgbe ọrịa mgbawa osikapa gasịrị. Ebumnuche nke ọmụmụ ihe a bụ (i) ịkọwa usoro mgbochi nke *Kosakonia oryziphila* NP19 megide mgbawa osikapa na (ii) inyocha mmetụta nke *Kosakonia oryziphila* NP19 n'ịchịkwa mgbawa osikapa.

Ihe ndị na-edozi ahụ na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa n'uto na mmepe osisi, na-eje ozi dị ka ihe ndị na-achịkwa ọtụtụ ọrịa nje bacteria. Nri mineral nke osisi na-ekpebi iguzogide ọrịa ya, njirimara ọdịdị ya ma ọ bụ anụ ahụ, na ike ya ịlanarị megide nje bacteria. Phosphorus nwere ike ibelata mmepe ahụ ma belata oke mgbawa osikapa site n'ịbawanye mmepụta nke ihe ndị na-akpata phenolic. Potassium na-ebelatakarị ọrịa osikapa, dị ka mgbawa osikapa, ntụpọ akwụkwọ bacteria, ntụpọ mkpuchi akwụkwọ, ire ere stem, na ntụpọ akwụkwọ. Nnyocha nke Perrenoud gosiri na fatịlaịza potassium dị elu nwekwara ike ibelata ọrịa fungal nke osikapa ma mụbaa mkpụrụ. Ọtụtụ ọmụmụ egosila na fatịlaịza sulfur nwere ike imeziwanye iguzogide ihe ọkụkụ megide nje fungal.²⁷Oke magnesium (ihe mejupụtara chlorophyll) nwere ike ibute mgbawa osikapa.²¹Zinc nwere ike igbu nje ndị na-akpata ọrịa ozugbo, si otú a belata oke ọrịa ahụ.²²Nnwale ndị e mere n'ọhịa gosiri na ọ bụ ezie na oke phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, na zinc dị n'ala ubi dị elu karịa nke e mere n'ime ite ahụ, mgbawa osikapa ka na-agbasa site na akwụkwọ osikapa. Ihe ndị dị n'ala nwere ike ọ gaghị adị irè nke ukwuu n'ịchịkwa mgbawa osikapa, ebe ọ bụ na iru mmiri na okpomọkụ adịghị mma maka nnukwu nje bacteria.
N'ime nnwale ubi, achọpụtara Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, P. dispersa, Xanthomonas sacchari, Burkholderia multivorans, Burkholderia diffusa, Burkholderia vietnamiensis na C. gleum n'ọgwụgwọ niile. E kewapụrụ Stenotrophomonas maltophilia site na rhizosphere nke ọka wit, oat, kukumba, ọka, na nduku ma gosipụta njikwa bio.^ọrụmegide Colletotrichum nymphaeae.28 Ọzọkwa, akọpụtala na P. dispersa dị irè megide oji^{ire ere nke}nduku dị ụtọ.29 Ọzọkwa, ụdị R1 nke Xanthomonas sacchari egosila na ọ na-emegide mgbawa osikapa na ire ere nke Burkholderia kpatara.^glumae.30Burkholderia oryzae NP19 nwere ike ịmepụta mmekọrịta symbiosis na anụ ahụ osikapa n'oge mkpụrụ osisi ma ghọọ ero symbiosis a na-ahụkarị maka ụfọdụ ụdị osikapa. Ọ bụ ezie na nje bacteria ndị ọzọ nwere ike ibibi osikapa mgbe a gbanyechara ya, ero blast NP19, ozugbo e tinyere ya n'ime ala, na-emetụta ọtụtụ ihe na usoro nchekwa osikapa megide ọrịa a. NP19 anaghị egbochi uto nke P. oryzae site na ihe karịrị 50% (lee Tebụl Mgbakwunye S1 na mgbakwunye dị n'ịntanetị), kamakwa ọ na-ebelata ọnụọgụ ọnya mgbawa na akwụkwọ ma na-eme ka mkpụrụ nke osikapa a gbara ọgwụ ma ọ bụ nke e tinyere na NP19 (RBf, RFf-B, na RBFf-B) dịkwuo mma na nnwale ubi (Foto S3).
Ero Pycularia oryzae, nke na-akpata mgbawa osisi, bụ ero hemittrophic nke chọrọ ihe oriri sitere na osisi nnabata n'oge ọrịa. Osisi na-emepụta ụdị oxygen reactive (ROS) iji gbochie ọrịa fungal; agbanyeghị, Pycularia oryzae na-eji ọtụtụ usoro iji lụso ROS nke ndị ọbịa mepụtara ọgụ.³¹O yiri ka peroxidases na-arụ ọrụ na iguzogide nje, gụnyere njikọ nke protein mgbidi sel, ịka nká nke mgbidi xylem, mmepụta ROS, na mwepụ nke hydrogen peroxide.³²Enzymes ndị na-egbochi oxidant nwere ike ịbụ usoro nchọpụta ROS kpọmkwem. Site na njirimara antioxidant ha, superoxide dismutase (SOD) na peroxidase (POD) na-enyere aka ịmalite nzaghachi nchekwa, ebe SOD na-eje ozi dị ka ụzọ mbụ nke nchebe.³³N'ime osikapa, a na-akpali ọrụ peroxidase nke osisi mgbe ọrịa nje dị ka *Pyricularia oryzae* na *Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae* butere ya.³²N'ọmụmụ ihe a, ọrụ peroxidase mụbara n'ime osikapa e tinyere n'ime ya ma ọ bụ nke e tinyere n'ime ya na *Magnaporthe oryzae* NP19; agbanyeghị, *Magnaporthe oryzae* emetụtaghị ọrụ peroxidase. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), dịka H₂O₂ synthase, na-eme ka mbelata nke O₂⁻ gaa na H₂O₂. SOD na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na iguzogide osisi megide nrụgide dị iche iche site n'ịhazi mkpokọta nke H₂O₂ n'ime osisi ahụ, si otú a na-eme ka nnabata osisi dịkwuo mma na nrụgide dị iche iche³⁴. N'ọmụmụ ihe a, n'ime nnwale ite ahụ, ụbọchị 30 mgbe *Magnaporthe oryzae* gbasịrị ọgwụ (30 DAT), ọrụ SOD na otu RF na RBF dị elu karịa ndị nọ n'otu R, n'otu n'otu, na-egosi nzaghachi SOD maka ọrịa *Magnaporthe oryzae*. N'ime nnwale ite na ubi, ọrụ SOD na osikapa *Magnaporthe oryzae* NP19-inoculated dị elu karịa 67.7% na 28.8% karịa nke dị na osikapa a na-inoculated ụbọchị 30 ka a gbasịrị ya ọgwụ, n'otu n'otu. Mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ nke osisi na-emetụta gburugburu ebe obibi, isi iyi nrụgide, na ụdị osisi³⁵. Ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi na-emetụta ọrụ enzyme antioxidant osisi ozugbo, nke na-emetụta ọrụ enzyme antioxidant osisi site na ịgbanwe obodo nje bacteria osisi.
E ji mee nnyocha a ụdị ero nke ọrịa rice blast (Kosakonia oryziphila NP19, NCBI accession number PP861312).¹³E kewapụrụ ya site na mgbọrọgwụ nke ụdị osikapa RD6 na Nakhon Phanom Province, Thailand (16° 59′ 42.9″ N 104° 22′ 17.9″ E). A kụrụ ụdị a na ofe nri (NB) na 30°C na 150 rpm ruo awa 18. Iji gbakọọ mkpokọta nje bacteria, a tụrụ nnabata nke nkwụsịtụ nje bacteria na 600 nm. A gbanwere njupụta nke nkwụsịtụ nje bacteria ka ọ bụrụ^10⁶CFU/mL na mmiri a gwakọtara agwakọta (_dH₂O). E tinyere ero mgbawa osikapa (Pyricularia oryzae) n'ime potato dextrose agar (PDA) ma tinye ya na okpomọkụ 25°C ruo ụbọchị asaa. E tinyere mycelium fungal ahụ na bran rice bran agar medium (2% (w/v) bran rice, 0.5% (w/v) sucrose, na 2% (w/v) agar gbazere na mmiri deionized, pH 7) ma tinye ya na okpomọkụ 25°C ruo ụbọchị asaa. E tinyere akwụkwọ ahịhịa nke ụdị osikapa nwere ike ịdị irè (KDML105) na mycelium iji mee ka conidia pụta ma tinye ya na okpomọkụ 25°C ruo ụbọchị ise n'okpuru ọkụ UV na ọcha jikọtara ọnụ. E chịkọtara Conidia site n'iji nwayọ hichaa mycelium na elu akwụkwọ nje ahụ na 10 ml nke mmiri ọgwụ 0.025% (v/v) Tween 20. E jiri akwa cheesecloth asatọ sachaa ngwọta fungal ahụ iji wepụ mycelium, agar, na akwụkwọ osikapa. A gbanwere mkpokọta conidia dị na nkwụsịtụ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ 5 × 10⁵ conidia/ml maka nyocha ọzọ.
A kwadebere mkpụrụ ndụ Kosakonia oryziphila NP19 ọhụrụ site n'ịkọpụta ha na mmiri ọkụ na 37 °C ruo awa 24. Mgbe centrifugation gasịrị (3047 × g, nkeji 10), a chịkọtara mkpụrụ ndụ ahụ, saa ha ugboro abụọ na saline phosphate-buffered 10 mM (PBS, pH 7.2), ma weghachite ha n'otu nchekwa ahụ. A tụrụ njupụta anya nke nkwusioru sel ahụ na 600 nm, na-enweta uru nke ihe dị ka 1.0 (nke kwekọrọ na 1.0 × 10⁷ CFU/μl nke a chọpụtara site na itinye ha na efere agar nri). A nwetara Conidia nke P. oryzae site n'ịkwụchi ha na ngwọta PBS ma gụọ ha site na iji hemocytometer. Nkwusioru nke *K. oryziphila* NP19 na *P. Maka nnwale mmịpụta akwụkwọ, e tinyere K. oryziphila* conidia n'akwụkwọ osikapa ọhụrụ na mkpokọta nke 1.0 × 10⁷ CFU/μL na 5.0 × 10² conidia/μL, n'otu n'otu. Usoro nkwadebe ihe nlele osikapa ahụ bụ dịka ndị a: E bepụrụ akwụkwọ osikapa dị sentimita 5 n'ogologo ma tinye ha n'ime efere Petri nke e ji akwụkwọ mmiri jupụta. E guzobere otu ọgwụgwọ ise: (i) R: akwụkwọ osikapa na-enweghị ọgwụ nje dịka ihe njikwa, tinye 0.025% (v/v) ihe ngwọta Tween 20; (ii) RB + F: osikapa tinyere K. oryziphila NP19, tinye 2 μL nke conidia suspension nke ero na-akpata mgbawa osikapa; (iii) R + BF: Osikapa n'ime otu R gbakwunyere 4 μl nke ngwakọta nke blast fungal conidia suspension na K. oryziphila NP19 (oke olu 1:1); (iv) R + F: Osikapa dị n'ime otu R nke ejiri 2 μl nke blast fungal conidia suspension tinye; (v) RF + B: Osikapa dị n'ime otu R nke ejiri 2 μl nke blast fungal conidia suspension tinye n'ime otu ruo awa 30, wee tinye 2 μl nke K. oryziphila NP19 n'otu ebe ahụ. E tinyere efere Petri niile na 25°C n'ọchịchịrị ruo awa 30 wee tinye ha n'okpuru ìhè na-aga n'ihu. E mepụtara otu ọ bụla n'ụzọ atọ. Mgbe awa 72 nke ọdịbendị gasịrị, a hụrụ ma nyochaa anụ ahụ osisi site na iji nyocha electron microscopy (SEM). N'ụzọ dị mkpirikpi, a na-etinye anụ ahụ osisi na phosphate buffer nwere 2.5% (v/v) glutaraldehyde ma gbazee mmiri site na usoro ngwọta ethanol. Mgbe e jiri carbon dioxide kpọọ nkụ nke ọma, a na-ekpuchi ihe nlele ndị ahụ na ọlaedo ma mechaa jiri igwe nyocha eletrọn microscope nyochaa ha.¹⁵