Ndị na-ahazi uto ihe ọkụkụ (PGR)bụ ụzọ dị ọnụ ahịa iji kwalite ihe nchebe osisi n'okpuru ọnọdụ nrụgide. Ọmụmụ ihe a nyochara ikike nke abụọPGR, thiourea (TU) na arginine (Arg), iji belata nrụgide nnu na ọka wit. Nsonaazụ gosiri na TU na Arg, karịsịa mgbe ejikọtara ọnụ, nwere ike ịhazi uto osisi n'okpuru nrụgide nnu. Ọgwụgwọ ha na-abawanye ọrụ nke enzymes antioxidant nke ukwuu ebe ọ na-ebelata ọkwa nke ụdị oxygen na-emeghachi omume (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), na ịgbapụta electrolyte (REL) na mkpụrụ ọka wit. Na mgbakwunye, ọgwụgwọ ndị a belatara nke ukwuu Na + na Ca2 + na mkpokọta Na +/K +, ebe ọ na-abawanye mkpokọta K +, si otú a na-edobe nguzozi ion-osmotic. Nke kachasị mkpa, TU na Arg mụbara ọdịnaya chlorophyll nke ukwuu, ọnụego foto synthetic net, na ọnụego mgbanwe gas nke mkpụrụ ọka ọka n'okpuru nrụgide nnu. TU na Arg na-eji naanị ya ma ọ bụ na-ejikọta ọnụ nwere ike ime ka nchịkọta ihe ọkụkụ dị elu site na 9.03-47.45%, mmụba dị ukwuu mgbe ejiri ya mee ihe. N'ikpeazụ, ọmụmụ ihe a na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè na ịnọgide na-enwe redox homeostasis na ion itule dị mkpa maka ịkwalite nnabata osisi na nrụgide nnu. Na mgbakwunye, TU na Arg tụrụ aro ka enwere ikendị na-ahụ maka uto osisi,karịsịa mgbe a na-ejikọ ọnụ, iji kwalite mkpụrụ ọka wit.
Mgbanwe ngwa ngwa na ihu igwe na omume ugbo na-abawanye mmebi nke gburugburu ebe obibi nke ugbo1. Otu n'ime nsonaazụ kacha njọ bụ salinization ala, nke na-eyi nchekwa nchekwa nri zuru ụwa ọnụ2. Salinization ugbu a na-emetụta ihe dị ka 20% nke ala ubi n'ụwa nile, na ọnụ ọgụgụ a nwere ike ịbawanye ruo 50% site na 20503. Nrụgide nnu-alkali nwere ike ịkpata nrụgide osmotic na mgbọrọgwụ ihe ọkụkụ, nke na-akpaghasị nguzozi ionic na osisi4. Ọnọdụ ọjọọ dị otú ahụ nwekwara ike ibute ndakpọ chlorophyll ngwa ngwa, mbelata ọnụego photosynthesis, na nsogbu metabolic, n'ikpeazụ na-ebute mbelata ihe ọkụkụ5,6. Ọzọkwa, mmetụta dị njọ na-enwekarị bụ ụbara ọgbọ nke ụdị oxygen na-emeghachi omume (ROS), nke nwere ike ibute mmebi oxidative na biomolecules dị iche iche, gụnyere DNA, protein, na lipids7.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) bụ otu n'ime ọka ọka kacha mkpa n'ụwa. Ọ bụghị naanị ọka ọka a na-akụkarị kamakwa ọ bụ ihe ọkụkụ dị mkpa maka azụmahịa8. Otú ọ dị, ọka wit na-enwe mmetụta nke nnu, nke nwere ike igbochi uto ya, na-akpaghasị usoro ọmụmụ ya na usoro biochemical, ma belata ihe ọkụkụ ya nke ọma. Atụmatụ ndị bụ isi iji belata mmetụta nke nrụgide nnu gụnyere mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na iji ndị na-achịkwa ihe ọkụkụ. Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa gbanwetụrụ (GM) bụ iji ndezi mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na usoro ndị ọzọ iji mepụta ụdị ọka wit na-anabata nnu9,10. N'aka nke ọzọ, ndị na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ na-eme ka nnabata nnu na ọka wit na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma site n'ịhazi ihe omume anụ ahụ na ọkwa nke ihe ndị metụtara nnu, si otú a na-ebelata nrụgide nrụgide11. Ndị na-achịkwa ndị a na-anabatakarị ma jiri ya mee ihe karịa ụzọ transgenic. Ha nwere ike ịkwalite nnabata ihe ọkụkụ na nrụgide abiotic dị iche iche dị ka salinity, ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na ọla dị arọ, na-akwalite ịmị mkpụrụ, iweta nri na-edozi ahụ na uto ịmụ nwa, si otú ahụ na-amụba mkpụrụ na ịdị mma. 12 Ndị na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ dị oke mkpa iji hụ na uto ihe ọkụkụ na idobe mkpụrụ na ịdị mma n'ihi ịdị mma gburugburu ebe obibi ha, ịdị mfe nke iji ya, ọnụ ahịa na ịdị irè. 13 Otú ọ dị, ebe ọ bụ na ndị a modulators nwere usoro ihe omume yiri nke ahụ, iji otu n'ime ha naanị nwere ike ọ gaghị adị irè. Ịchọta nchikota nke ndị na-ahụ maka uto nke nwere ike imeziwanye nnabata nnu na ọka wit dị oke mkpa maka ịzụlite ọka wit n'okpuru ọnọdụ ọjọọ, ịba ụba mkpụrụ na ịhụ na nchekwa nri.
Enweghị ọmụmụ ihe na-enyocha ijikọ TU na Arg. Amabeghị ma ngwakọta ọhụrụ a nwere ike kwalite uto ọka n'okpuru nrụgide nnu. Ya mere, ebumnobi nke ọmụmụ a bụ iji chọpụta ma ndị na-ahụ maka uto abụọ a nwere ike ibelata mmetụta nrụgide nnu na ọka wit. Iji mezuo nke a, anyị mere nnwale nke mkpụrụ ọka wit hydroponic dị mkpirikpi iji nyochaa uru nke ngwa ngwa TU na Arg jikọtara ọka n'okpuru nrụgide nnu, na-elekwasị anya na redox na ionic itule nke osisi. Anyị chere na nchikota nke TU na Arg nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ synergistically iji belata nrụgide nnu na-akpata mmebi oxidative ma jikwaa enweghị ahaghị nhata ion, si otú a na-eme ka nnabata nnu na ọka wit.
Ejiri usoro thiobarbituric acid kpebie ọdịnaya MDA nke ihe nlele. Were nha nke ọma 0.1 g nke ntụ ntụ ntụ ntụ ọhụrụ, wepụ ya na 1 ml nke 10% trichloroacetic acid maka 10 min, centrifuge na 10,000 g maka 20 min, wee kpokọta ihe dị elu. A na-agwakọta ihe ahụ na nha nha nha nke 0.75% thiobarbituric acid ma tinye ya na 100 Celsius C maka 15 min. Mgbe incubation gasịrị, a na-anakọta supernatant site na centrifugation, a tụrụ ụkpụrụ OD dị na 450 nm, 532 nm na 600 nm. A gbakọrọ mkpokọta MDA dị ka ndị a:
N'otu aka ahụ ọgwụgwọ ụbọchị 3, ngwa nke Arg na Tu nwekwara mmụba nke ukwuu ọrụ enzyme antioxidant nke mkpụrụ ọka ọka n'okpuru ọgwụgwọ ụbọchị isii. Nchikota TU na Arg ka kacha dị irè. Otú ọ dị, na 6 ụbọchị mgbe ọgwụgwọ gasịrị, ọrụ nke enzymes antioxidant anọ dị n'okpuru ọnọdụ ọgwụgwọ dị iche iche gosipụtara usoro na-ebelata ma e jiri ya tụnyere 3 ụbọchị mgbe ọgwụgwọ gasịrị (Nyocha 6).
Photosynthesis bụ ihe ndabere nke nchịkọta ihe akọrọ na osisi ma na-eme na chloroplasts, nke na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na nnu. Nchegbu nnu nwere ike iduga oxidation nke akpụkpọ ahụ plasma, nkwụsị nke nguzozi osmotic cellular, mmebi nke chloroplast ultrastructure36, na-akpata mmebi chlorophyll, ibelata ọrụ nke enzymes okirikiri Calvin (gụnyere Rubisco), ma belata nnyefe elektrọn site na PS II gaa PS I37. Na mgbakwunye, nrụgide nnu nwere ike ịkpata mmechi stomatal, si otú a na-ebelata mkpokọta akwụkwọ CO2 ma gbochie photosynthesis38. Nsonaazụ anyị gosipụtara na nchoputa gara aga na nrụgide nnu na-ebelata omume stomatal na ọka wit, na-ebute mbelata akwụkwọ ikike transpiration na intracellular CO2, nke n'ikpeazụ na-eduga n'ibelata ikike photosynthetic na mbelata biomass nke ọka wit (Fig 1 na 3). N'ụzọ doro anya, ngwa TU na Arg nwere ike ịkwalite nrụpụta fotoynthetic nke osisi ọka wit n'okpuru nrụgide nnu. Ọganihu na arụmọrụ fotoynthetic dị oke mkpa mgbe etinyere TU na Arg n'otu oge (Fig 3). Nke a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi na TU na Arg na-achịkwa oghere stomatal na mmechi, si otú ahụ na-eme ka ọrụ nke fotoynthetic dịkwuo mma, nke ọmụmụ ihe gara aga kwadoro. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Bencarti et al. chọpụtara na n'okpuru nrụgide nnu, TU na-abawanye ụba nke stomatal conductance, CO2 assimilation rate, na kacha arụ ọrụ quantum nke PSII photochemistry na Atriplex portulacoides L.39. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịghị akụkọ kpọmkwem na-egosi na Arg nwere ike ịhazi oghere stomatal na mmechi na osisi ndị na-ekpughe nrụgide nnu, Silveira et al. gosiri na Arg nwere ike ịkwalite mgbanwe gas na akwụkwọ n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụkọ mmiri ozuzo22.
Na nchịkọta, ọmụmụ ihe a na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè na n'agbanyeghị usoro ha dị iche iche nke ime ihe na ihe ndị dị na physicochemical, TU na Arg nwere ike inye nkwụsi ike yiri nke NaCl na mkpụrụ ọka wit, karịsịa mgbe ejikọtara ọnụ. Ngwa nke TU na Arg nwere ike ịgbalite usoro nchekwa nchekwa enzyme antioxidant nke mkpụrụ ọka wit, belata ọdịnaya ROS, ma nọgide na-enwe nkwụsi ike nke lipids membrane, si otú a na-ejigide photosynthesis na nguzozi Na +/K+ na seedlings. Agbanyeghị, ọmụmụ ihe a nwekwara oke; ọ bụ ezie na a kwadoro mmetụta synergistic nke TU na Arg na usoro ọmụmụ ya na-akọwa ya ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, usoro mgbagwoju anya dị mgbagwoju anya ka edoghị anya. Ya mere, nyocha ọzọ nke usoro synergistic nke TU na Arg na-eji transcriptomic, metabolomic na ụzọ ndị ọzọ dị mkpa.
Ihe ndekọ data ejiri na/ma ọ bụ nyochaa n'oge ọmụmụ ihe dị ugbu a dị site n'aka onye edemede kwekọrọ na arịrịọ ezi uche dị na ya.
Oge nzipu: Mee-19-2025