Ndị na-achịkwa uto osisi (PGRs)bụ ụzọ dị ọnụ ala iji melite nchekwa osisi n'ọnọdụ nrụgide. Ọmụmụ ihe a nyochachara ikike nke mmadụ abụọNdị PGR, thiourea (TU) na arginine (Arg), iji belata nrụgide nnu na wit. Nsonaazụ gosiri na TU na Arg, karịsịa mgbe ejiri ha ọnụ, nwere ike ịchịkwa uto osisi n'okpuru nrụgide nnu. Ọgwụgwọ ha mụbara ọrụ nke enzymes antioxidant nke ukwuu ebe ọ na-ebelata ọkwa nke ụdị oxygen reactive (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), na ntapu electrolyte (REL) na mkpụrụ ọka wit. Na mgbakwunye, ọgwụgwọ ndị a belatara nke ukwuu na mkpokọta Na+ na Ca2+ na oke Na+/K+, ebe ọ na-abawanye nke ukwuu na mkpokọta K+, si otú a na-enwe nguzozi ion-osmotic. Ihe kacha mkpa bụ na TU na Arg mụbara nke ukwuu ọdịnaya chlorophyll, ọnụego photosynthetic net, na ọnụego mgbanwe gas nke mkpụrụ ọka wit n'okpuru nrụgide nnu. Ejiri TU na Arg naanị ya ma ọ bụ na njikọta nwere ike ịbawanye mkpokọta ihe akọrọ site na 9.03–47.45%, mmụba ahụ dịkwa ukwuu mgbe ejiri ha ọnụ. Na mmechi, ọmụmụ ihe a na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè na ịnọgide na-enwe homeostasis redox na nguzozi ion dị mkpa maka ime ka nnabata osisi dịkwuo mma na nrụgide nnu. Na mgbakwunye, a tụrụ aro TU na Arg dị ka ihe nwere ike imendị na-achịkwa uto osisi,karịsịa mgbe ejiri ya ọnụ, iji mee ka mkpụrụ ọka wit dịkwuo mma.
Mgbanwe ngwa ngwa na omume ihu igwe na ọrụ ugbo na-eme ka mmebi nke gburugburu ebe obibi ọrụ ugbo dịkwuo elu1. Otu n'ime ihe ndị kacha njọ na-esi na ya apụta bụ nnu ala, nke na-eyi nchekwa nri zuru ụwa ọnụ egwu2. Nnu nnu na-emetụta ihe dị ka 20% nke ala a na-akọ ihe n'ụwa niile ugbu a, ọnụọgụgụ a nwekwara ike ịbawanye ruo 50% ka ọ na-erule 20503. Nrụgide nnu-alkali nwere ike ibute nrụgide osmotic na mgbọrọgwụ ihe ubi, nke na-emebi nguzozi ionic na osisi4. Ọnọdụ ọjọọ ndị dị otú ahụ nwekwara ike ibute mmebi chlorophyll ngwa ngwa, mbelata ọnụego fotosynthesis, na nsogbu metabolic, nke na-eme ka mmepụta osisi belata5,6. Ọzọkwa, mmetụta dị oke njọ a na-enwekarị bụ mmụba nke ụdị oxygen reactive (ROS), nke nwere ike ibute mmebi oxidative na ọtụtụ biomolecules, gụnyere DNA, protein, na lipids7.
Ọka wit (Triticum aestivum) bụ otu n'ime ihe ọkụkụ ọka kacha mkpa n'ụwa. Ọ bụghị naanị na ọ bụ mkpụrụ ọka a na-akọkarị nke ọma kamakwa ọ bụ ihe ọkụkụ azụmaahịa dị mkpa8. Agbanyeghị, wit na-enwe mmetụta na nnu, nke nwere ike igbochi uto ya, mebie usoro physiological na biochemical ya, ma belata mmepụta ya nke ukwuu. Atụmatụ bụ isi iji belata mmetụta nke nrụgide nnu gụnyere mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na iji ndị na-achịkwa uto osisi. Ihe ndị e kere eke gbanwere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa (GM) bụ iji ndezi mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na usoro ndị ọzọ iji mepụta ụdị ọka wit na-anagide nnu9,10. N'aka nke ọzọ, ndị na-achịkwa uto osisi na-eme ka nnu na-anagide nnu na wit site n'ịchịkwa ọrụ physiological na ọkwa nke ihe ndị metụtara nnu, si otú a na-ebelata mmebi nrụgide11. A na-anabata ndị na-achịkwa a nke ọma ma jiri ya eme ihe karịa ụzọ transgenic. Ha nwere ike ime ka osisi na-anagide nrụgide dị iche iche dị ka nnu, ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na ọla dị arọ, ma kwalite mkpụrụ osisi na-eto, oriri nri na uto ọmụmụ, si otú a na-eme ka mkpụrụ osisi na ịdị mma dịkwuo elu. 12 Ndị na-achịkwa uto osisi dị oke mkpa iji hụ na uto ihe ubi na ịnọgide na-enwe mkpụrụ na ịdị mma n'ihi ịdị mma gburugburu ebe obibi ha, ịdị mfe nke iji ha, ịdị irè ọnụ ahịa na ịdị irè. 13 Agbanyeghị, ebe ọ bụ na ihe ndị a na-eme ka ihe na-arụ ọrụ nwere otu usoro ọrụ, iji otu n'ime ha naanị nwere ike ọ gaghị adị irè. Ịchọta njikọta nke ndị na-achịkwa uto nke nwere ike ime ka nnu dịkwuo mma na wit dị oke mkpa maka ịzụlite ọka wit n'ọnọdụ ọjọọ, ịbawanye ihe ubi na ijide n'aka na nri dị mma.
Enweghị ọmụmụ ihe nyochachara ojiji TU na Arg. O doro anya ma njikọta ọhụrụ a nwere ike ịkwalite uto ọka wit n'ụzọ njikọta n'okpuru nrụgide nnu. Ya mere, ebumnuche nke ọmụmụ a bụ ịchọpụta ma ndị na-achịkwa uto abụọ a nwere ike ibelata mmetụta ọjọọ nke nrụgide nnu na ọka wit n'ụzọ njikọta. Iji mezuo nke a, anyị mere nnwale mkpụrụ ọka wit hydroponic nwa oge iji nyochaa uru nke itinye TU na Arg na wit n'okpuru nrụgide nnu, na-elekwasị anya na nguzozi redox na ionic nke osisi. Anyị chere na njikọta nke TU na Arg nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ n'ụzọ njikọta iji belata mmebi oxidative nke nrụgide nnu kpatara ma jikwaa enweghị nha nha ionic, si otú a na-eme ka nnabata nnu dịkwuo mma na ọka wit.
E jiri usoro thiobarbituric acid chọpụta ọdịnaya MDA nke ihe nlele ahụ. Tụọ 0.1 g nke ntụ ntụ ọhụrụ, wepụ ya na 1 ml nke 10% trichloroacetic acid maka nkeji 10, centrifuge na 10,000 g maka nkeji 20, wee chịkọta ihe fọdụrụnụ. E tinyere ihe ahụ na olu nhata nke 0.75% thiobarbituric acid wee tinye ya na 100 °C maka nkeji 15. Mgbe a kụchara ya, a na-anakọta ihe fọdụrụnụ site na centrifugation, a tụkwara uru OD na 450 nm, 532 nm, na 600 nm. A gbakọrọ mkpokọta MDA dị ka ndị a:
Dịka ọgwụgwọ ụbọchị atọ ahụ si dị, itinye Arg na Tu mụbara ọrụ enzyme antioxidant nke mkpụrụ ọka wit n'okpuru ọgwụgwọ ụbọchị isii ahụ. Nchikota nke TU na Arg ka bụ nke kachasị dị irè. Agbanyeghị, na ụbọchị isii ka ọgwụgwọ ahụ gasịrị, ọrụ nke enzymes antioxidant anọ n'okpuru ọnọdụ ọgwụgwọ dị iche iche gosiri na ọ na-ebelata ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụbọchị atọ ka ọgwụgwọ ahụ gasịrị (Foto nke 6).
Fotosynthesis bụ ntọala nke mkpokọta ihe kpọrọ nkụ n'ime osisi ma na-eme na chloroplasts, nke na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na nnu. Nrụgide nnu nwere ike ibute oxidation nke akpụkpọ ahụ plasma, mmebi nke nguzozi osmotic cellular, mmebi na ultrastructure chloroplast36, ibute mbibi chlorophyll, belata ọrụ nke enzymes okirikiri Calvin (gụnyere Rubisco), ma belata mbufe elektrọn site na PS II gaa na PS I37. Na mgbakwunye, nrụgide nnu nwere ike ibute mmechi stomatal, si otú a belata mkpokọta CO2 akwụkwọ ma gbochie photosynthesis38. Nsonaazụ anyị kwadoro nchọpụta ndị gara aga na nrụgide nnu na-ebelata njikwa stomatal na wit, na-ebute mbelata ọnụego mbufe akwụkwọ na ntinye CO2 n'ime sel, nke na-eduga na mbelata ikike photosynthesis na mbelata biomass nke wit (Fig. 1 na 3). N'ụzọ dị mkpa, itinye TU na Arg nwere ike ime ka arụmọrụ photosynthesis nke osisi wit dịkwuo mma n'okpuru nrụgide nnu. Mmezi na arụmọrụ photosynthesis dị oke mkpa mgbe etinyere TU na Arg n'otu oge (Fig. 3). Nke a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi na TU na Arg na-achịkwa mmeghe na mmechi stomatal, si otú a na-eme ka arụmọrụ photosynthesis dịkwuo mma, nke ọmụmụ ihe ndị gara aga kwadoro. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Bencarti na ndị otu ya chọpụtara na n'okpuru nrụgide nnu, TU mụbara nke ukwuu n'itinye stomatal, ọnụego nnabata CO2, na arụmọrụ kachasị elu nke PSII photochemistry na Atriplex portulacoides L.39. Ọ bụ ezie na enweghị akụkọ kpọmkwem na-egosi na Arg nwere ike ịchịkwa mmeghe na mmechi stomatal na osisi ndị a na-ekpughere nrụgide nnu, Silveira na ndị otu ya gosiri na Arg nwere ike ịkwalite mgbanwe gas na akwụkwọ n'okpuru ọnọdụ ọkọchị22.
Na nchịkọta, ọmụmụ ihe a na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè na n'agbanyeghị usoro ọrụ ha dị iche iche na njirimara physicochemical, TU na Arg nwere ike inye nguzogide yiri nke ahụ na nrụgide NaCl na mkpụrụ wit, karịsịa mgbe etinyere ya ọnụ. Itinye TU na Arg n'ọrụ nwere ike ime ka usoro nchekwa enzyme antioxidant nke mkpụrụ wit rụọ ọrụ, belata ọdịnaya ROS, ma nọgide na-enwe nkwụsi ike nke lipids membrane, si otú a na-enwe photosynthesis na nguzozi Na+/K+ na mkpụrụ osisi. Agbanyeghị, ọmụmụ ihe a nwekwara oke; ọ bụ ezie na a kwadoro mmetụta synergistic nke TU na Arg ma kọwaa usoro physiological ya ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, usoro molekul dị mgbagwoju anya ka edoghị anya. Ya mere, ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ nke usoro synergistic nke TU na Arg site na iji transcriptomic, metabolomic na ụzọ ndị ọzọ dị mkpa.
A na-enweta data ndị ejiri mee ihe na/ma ọ bụ nyochaa n'oge ọmụmụ ihe a site n'aka onye dere ya ma ọ bụrụ na ọ rịọ ya nke ọma.
Oge ozi: Mee-19-2025