Ịbawanye mmepụta nri dị mkpa iji gboo mkpa nke ndị bi n'ụwa. N'akụkụ a, ọgwụ ndị na-egbu egbu bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ọrụ ugbo ọgbara ọhụrụ a na-achọ ịbawanye ihe ọkụkụ. egosiwo na ojiji a na-eji ọgwụ pesticide sịntetịt eme ihe n'ọrụ ugbo na-akpata nnukwu mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi na nsogbu ahụike mmadụ. Ọgwụ ndị na-egbu egbu nwere ike ịgbakọta na akpụkpọ ahụ mmadụ ma mebie ọrụ mmadụ site na kọntaktị kpọmkwem ma ọ bụ iri nri emetọọ, nke bụ ihe dị mkpa na-akpata nsogbu ahụike.
Usoro cytogenetic ejiri mee ihe n'ọmụmụ ihe a gosipụtara ụkpụrụ na-agbanwe agbanwe na-egosi na omethoate na-arụ ọrụ genotoxic na cytotoxic na yabasị meristems. Ọ bụ ezie na enweghị ihe àmà doro anya nke mmetụta genotoxic nke omethoate na yabasị na akwụkwọ ndị dị ugbu a, ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ọmụmụ enyochala mmetụta genotoxic nke omethoate na ihe ndị ọzọ na-anwale. Dolara et al. gosipụtara na omethoate butere mmụba na-adabere na dose na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nwanne nwanyị chromatid mgbanwe na lymphocytes mmadụ na vitro. N'otu aka ahụ, Arteaga-Gómez et al. gosipụtara na omethoate belatara ndụ cell na HaCaT keratinocytes na mkpụrụ ndụ bronchial mmadụ NL-20, a na-enyocha mmebi genotoxic site na iji nyocha comet. N'otu aka ahụ, Wang et al. hụrụ ogologo telomere na-abawanye yana mmụba nke ọrịa kansa na ndị ọrụ ekpughere omethoate. Ọzọkwa, n'ịkwado ọmụmụ ihe ugbu a, Ekong et al. gosiputara na omethoate (analog oxygen nke omethoate) mere ka mbelata MI na A. cepa wee kpatara lysis cell, njigide chromosome, nkewa chromosome, elongation nuklia, mbuze nuklia, ntozu chromosome na-akaghị aka, nchịkọta metaphase, condensation nuklia, njigide anaphase, na abnormalities nke c.- Mbelata nke ụkpụrụ MI mgbe ọgwụgwọ omethoate gasịrị nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi nkwụsị nke nkewa sel ma ọ bụ ọdịda nke mkpụrụ ndụ imecha okirikiri mitotic. N'ụzọ dị iche, mmụba nke MN na chromosomal abnormalities na DNA fragmentation gosiri na mbelata nke ụkpụrụ MI metụtara DNA mebiri emebi. N'ime ihe na-adịghị mma nke chromosomal achọpụtara n'ọmụmụ ihe ugbu a, chromosomes na-nyapade bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị. Ihe na-adịghị mma nke a, nke na-egbu egbu na nke a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha, na-akpata site na nrapanye anụ ahụ nke protein chromosomal ma ọ bụ nkwụsị nke nucleic acid metabolism na cell. N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ nwere ike bute ya site na mgbaze nke protein na-ekpuchi DNA chromosomal, nke nwere ike bute ọnwụ cell42. chromosomes efu na-atụ aro ohere nke aneuploidy43. Na mgbakwunye, a na-emepụta àkwà mmiri chromosomal site na nbiji na ngwakọta nke chromosomes na chromatids. Nhazi nke iberibe na-eduga ozugbo na nguzobe nke MN, nke kwekọrọ na nsonaazụ nyocha nke comet na ọmụmụ ihe ugbu a. Nkesa chromatin na-ezighi ezi bụ n'ihi ọdịda nke nkewa chromatid na ngwụcha oge mitotic, nke na-eduga na nguzobe chromosomes efu44. Usoro kpọmkwem nke omethoate genotoxicity adịghị anya; Otú ọ dị, dị ka organophosphorus pesticide, ọ nwere ike na-emekọ ihe na cellular components dị ka nucleobases ma ọ bụ mee ka DNA mebie site n'ịmepụta reactive oxygen ụdị (ROS) 45. Ya mere, organophosphorus pesticides nwere ike ime ka nchịkọta nke radicals free na-arụ ọrụ nke ukwuu gụnyere O2−, H2O2, na OH-, nke nwere ike imeghachi omume na ntọala DNA n'ime ihe ndị dị ndụ, si otú a na-eme ka DNA mebie ozugbo ma ọ bụ na-apụtaghị ìhè. E gosikwara ROS ndị a na-emebi enzymes na akụkụ ndị na-etinye aka na mmegharị DNA na nrụzi. N'ụzọ dị iche, a na-atụ aro na organophosphorus pesticides na-enweta usoro metabolic dị mgbagwoju anya mgbe mmadụ richara ya, na-emekọrịta ihe na ọtụtụ enzymes. Ha na-atụ aro na mmekọrịta a na-ebute ntinye aka nke enzymes dị iche iche na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-etinye enzymes ndị a na mmetụta genotoxic nke omethoate40. Ding et al.46 kọrọ na ndị ọrụ omethoate-ekpughere amụbawo ogologo telomere, nke jikọtara ya na ọrụ telomerase na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa polymorphism. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ezie na njikọ dị n'etiti omethoate DNA mmezi enzymes na mkpụrụ ndụ polymorphism akọwawo n'ime ụmụ mmadụ, ajụjụ a ka edozibeghị maka osisi.
A na-akwalite usoro nchebe cellular megide ụdị oxygen na-emeghachi omume (ROS) ọ bụghị naanị site na usoro antioxidant enzymatic kamakwa site na usoro antioxidant na-abụghị enzymatic, nke proline free bụ ihe dị mkpa na-abụghị enzymatic antioxidant na osisi. A na-ahụ ọkwa proline ruo ugboro 100 dị elu karịa ụkpụrụ nkịtị na osisi nwere nrụgide56. Nsonaazụ nke ọmụmụ a kwekọrọ na nsonaazụ33 nke kọrọ ọkwa proline dị elu na mkpụrụ ọka ọka omethoate. N'otu aka ahụ, Srivastava na Singh57 hụkwara na organophosphate ụmụ ahụhụ malathion mụbara ọkwa proline na yabasị (A. cepa) yana mụbaa superoxide dismutase (SOD) na catalase (CAT), na-ebelata iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke akpụkpọ ahụ ma na-akpata mmebi DNA. Proline bụ amino acid na-adịghị mkpa nke na-etinye aka n'ụdị usoro ahụ dị iche iche gụnyere nhazi nhazi protein, mkpebi ọrụ protein, mmezi nke cellular redox homeostasis, singlet oxygen na hydroxyl radical scavenging, osmotic itule mmezi, na cell signaling57. Na mgbakwunye, proline na-echebe enzymes antioxidant, si otú a na-edobe iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke membranes cell58. Mmụba nke ọkwa proline na eyịm mgbe mkpughe omethoate na-egosi na ahụ na-eji proline dị ka superoxide dismutase (SOD) na catalase (CAT) iji chebe megide nsị nke ụmụ ahụhụ na-ebute. Otú ọ dị, dị ka usoro antioxidant enzymatic, egosila na proline ezughị ezu iji chebe mkpụrụ ndụ mgbọrọgwụ mgbọrọgwụ yabasị site na mmebi ụmụ ahụhụ.
Nnyocha e mere n'akwụkwọ gosiri na ọ dịghị nnyocha e mere banyere mmebi nke mgbọrọgwụ osisi nke omethoate ụmụ ahụhụ kpatara. Agbanyeghị, nsonaazụ ọmụmụ gara aga na ọgwụ ụmụ ahụhụ ndị ọzọ dabara na nsonaazụ ọmụmụ a. Çavuşoğlu et al.67 kwuru na ụmụ ahụhụ thiamethoxam sara mbara kpatara mmebi anatomical na mgbọrọgwụ yabasị dị ka necrosis cell, anụ ahụ vaskụla edoghị anya, nrụrụ cell, oyi akwa epidermal na-edoghị anya, na ọdịdị na-adịghị mma nke meristem nuclei. Tütüncü et al.68 gosiri na atọ dị iche iche doses nke methiocarb ụmụ ahụhụ kpatara necrosis, epidermal cell mebiri, na cortical cell mgbidi ndim na mgbọrọgwụ yabasị. N'ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ, Kalefetoglu Makar36 chọpụtara na ngwa nke avermectin ụmụ ahụhụ na doses nke 0.025 ml / L, 0.050 ml / L na 0.100 ml / L mere ka anụ ahụ na-emepụta ihe na-akọwaghị ya, nrụrụ cell epidermal na mmebi nuklia mebiri emebi na mgbọrọgwụ yabasị. Mgbọrọgwụ bụ ebe ntinye maka kemịkalụ na-emerụ ahụ ịbanye n'osisi ahụ ma bụrụkwa ebe bụ isi na-enwekarị mmetụta nsị. Dabere na nsonaazụ MDA nke ọmụmụ anyị, nrụgide oxidative nwere ike ibute mmebi akpụkpọ ahụ cell. N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ dị mkpa ịghọta na usoro mgbọrọgwụ bụkwa usoro nchebe mbụ megide ihe ize ndụ ndị dị otú ahụ69. Nnyocha e mere egosiwo na mmebi nke mkpụrụ ndụ meristem mgbọrọgwụ nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi usoro nchebe nke mkpụrụ ndụ ndị a na-egbochi ọgwụ pesticide. Mmụba nke mkpụrụ ndụ epidermal na cortical a na-ahụ n'ọmụmụ ihe a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ihe ọkụkụ ahụ na-ebelata mkpokọta kemịkalụ. Mmụba a nwere ike ịkpata mkpakọ anụ ahụ na nrụrụ mkpụrụ ndụ na nuclei. Na mgbakwunye, 70 a tụrụ aro na osisi nwere ike ịgbakọ ụfọdụ kemịkalụ iji gbochie ntinye nke pesticides n'ime sel. Enwere ike ịkọwa ihe omume a dị ka mgbanwe mgbanwe na sel cortical na vaskụla vaskụla, nke mkpụrụ ndụ na-eji ihe ndị dị ka cellulose na suberin na-eme ka mgbidi sel ha sie ike iji gbochie omethoate ịbanye n'ime mgbọrọgwụ.71 Ọzọkwa, mmebi nuklia mebiri emebi nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi mkpakọ anụ ahụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ma ọ bụ nrụgide oxidative na-emetụta akpụkpọ ahụ nuklia, ma ọ bụ na ọ nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.
Omethoate bụ ọgwụ ahụhụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe, ọkachasị na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe. Agbanyeghị, dị ka ọ dị na ọtụtụ ọgwụ pesticides organophosphate ndị ọzọ, nchegbu ka dị maka mmetụta ọ na-enwe na gburugburu ebe obibi na ahụike mmadụ. Ọmụmụ ihe a bụ iji mejupụta oghere ozi a site n'ịtụle n'ụzọ zuru ezu mmetụta ọjọọ nke ọgwụ ahụhụ omethoate na-enwe na osisi a na-anwalekarị, A. cepa. Na A. cepa, ikpughe omethoate butere mbelata uto, mmetụta genotoxic, mfu nke iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe DNA, nrụgide oxidative, na mmebi cell na mgbọrọgwụ meristem. Nsonaazụ ahụ gosipụtara mmetụta ọjọọ nke ọgwụ ụmụ ahụhụ omethoate na ihe ndị na-abụghị ebumnuche. Nsonaazụ nke ọmụmụ a na-egosi mkpa ọ dị mkpa ịkpachara anya ka ukwuu n'iji ọgwụ ahụhụ omethoate eme ihe, nhazi nke ọma karị, mmata n'etiti ndị ọrụ ugbo na iwu siri ike. Ọzọkwa, nsonaazụ ndị a ga-enye mmalite mmalite bara uru maka nyocha na-enyocha mmetụta nke ụmụ ahụhụ omethoate na ụdị ndị na-abụghị ebumnuche.
A na-eme nchọpụta nnwale na ọmụmụ ihe ubi nke osisi na akụkụ ha ( yabasị bulbs), gụnyere nchịkọta ihe ọkụkụ, dị ka ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ, mba na mba dị mkpa si dị.
Oge nzipu: Jun-04-2025