1. Brassinosteroids dị n'ọtụtụ ebe na alaeze osisi
N'ime usoro evolushọn, ihe ọkụkụ na-eji nwayọ na-etolite netwọkụ na-achịkwa homonụ endogenous iji meghachi omume na nrụgide gburugburu ebe obibi dị iche iche.N'ime ha, brassinoids bụ ụdị phytosterols nke nwere ọrụ nke ịkwalite elongation cell.A na-ahụkarị ha n'alaeze osisi niile site na obere osisi ruo n'elu osisi, na achọpụtala ọtụtụ analogs brassinoids.
2. Brassinoids eke bụ "igodo" kachasị mma iji mepee ụzọ brassinoids endogenous.
Brassinoids sitere n'okike dị na ifuru na mkpụrụ osisi, na-achịkwa mmepe ịmụ nwa, ntozu mkpụrụ, na-akwalite elongation stem na mgbọrọgwụ morphology, ma na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mma na nguzogide osisi na nrụgide [3, 5].Nke mbụ brassinoids nke a chọpụtara na usoro ya bụ brassinolide BL (Foto 1-1).Otú ọ dị, ọdịnaya okike ya dị oke ala na mmepụta mmepụta ihe enweghị ike imezu.Nke a arụpụtala usoro ihe ndị ọzọ sịntetik.Osisi na-aghọta mmetụta nke homonụ na nzaghachi site na ụkpụrụ "mkpọchi na igodo", na brassinoids eke bụ "igodo" kacha mma imeghe ọnụ ụzọ nzaghachi brassinoids.Ha na ndị na-anabata ya nwere mmekọrịta siri ike ma dị irè karịa brassinolides sịntetik dị iche iche.Ngwa ngwa ngwa nke brassinoids sitere n'okike nwere ike ịghọta ngwa ngwa ma tinye uche ya site na osisi, na-agbakwunye nke ọma njikọ zuru oke nke brassinoids endogenous nke ihe dị iche iche kpatara, na-ekwe ka mkpụrụ ndụ zaghachi ngwa ngwa, na-arụ ọrụ dị elu, enweghị ịjụ, yana nchekwa dị elu.
14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid (Onyonyo 2), dị ka ihe ọhụrụ brassinosteroid analog na rapeseed pollen, nwere ike ịwepụta na nụchaa na batches na-eji gburugburu enyi na enyi ihe mgbaze.Ọ bụ nke mbụ eke brassinosteroid na-aghọta mmepụta nke akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ mmịpụta..14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid bụ nkewa dị ka ntakịrị ihe na-egbu egbu ma ọ bụ na-egbu egbu na nhazi pesticide China.Ọnụ ọgụgụ toxicological gburugburu ebe obibi dị ala na-egbu egbu ma dị mfe imebi, na nyocha ihe ize ndụ ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi dị ala (RQ<1).Ọ na-emerụ mmadụ na ụmụ mmadụ.Environmental na biosafety, ọ bụ naanị ngwaahịa mgbakwunye ihe ọkụkụ na mba ahụ nwetara asambodo “ihe nrụpụta ihe oriri na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ” nke mba yana asambodo ntinye organic United States.
3. Omume ngwa na-egosi na brassinoids eke nwere ike ịkwalite mkpụrụ dị elu ma nwekwuo ego
(1) Kwalite ọdịiche nke ifuru ifuru ma chekwaa ifuru na mkpụrụ osisi
Mkpụrụ na àgwà nke osisi mkpụrụ osisi nwere njikọ chiri anya na mmepe nke akụkụ ifuru.Ịfesa brassinoids sitere n'okike n'oge ogbo nwa osisi ifuru na ogbo mkpụrụ osisi na-eto eto, ma ọ bụ ịgbakwunye ụfọdụ brassinoids sitere n'okike n'oge a na-eme pollination nwere ike ịbawanye ụba na ogo nke osisi mkpụrụ osisi ma belata okooko osisi.Ọ nwere ike melite arụmọrụ pollination, na-abawanye ọnụego ntọala mkpụrụ osisi, na ibelata ifuru na mkpuru osisi, ma ejirila ya mee ihe n'ịkụ mkpụrụ na mmepụta nke ọtụtụ osisi ndị dị ka kiwi, citrus, apple, na jujube.
Kiwifruit bụ osisi vine na-ahụkarị dioecious.N'ime mmepụta ihe, a ghaghị iji pollination artificial mee ihe iji mee ka pollination dịkwuo elu na ọnụego ntọala mkpụrụ.Mgbe ihe karịrị 2/3 nke osisi ahụ dum toro, jiri ntụ ntụ brassinoids agwakọta na pollen na nha 1/50 maka ntụ ntụ ntụ ntụ ma ọ bụ brassinoids sitere n'okike aqueous ngwọta diluted ugboro 2500 maka ịgba pollination, nke nwere ike ịbawanye ntọala mkpụrụ osisi. ọnụego nke kiwifruit na-akwalite Ọdịnaya nke vitamin C na Chọpụta ọcha na mkpụrụ osisi budata mma nchekwa na njem Njirimara na nutritional uru nke kiwi mkpụrụ.(Foto nke 3-4)[6].N'oge mkpụrụ osisi kiwifruit na-eto eto, a na-efesa ndị na-ahụ maka brassinoids sitere n'okike, gibberellin na auxin ọzọ, nke nwere ike ịkwalite mgbasa ngwa ngwa na uto nke mkpụrụ osisi na-eto eto, na-eme ka mkpụrụ osisi dị gịrịgịrị na mmụba 20%-30%. na otu mkpụrụ osisi arọ.
Mbelata mkpụrụ osisi physiological eke sitere na citrus dị njọ, yana ọnụego ntọala mkpụrụ osisi na-abụkarị naanị 2%-3%.Iji meziwanye ogo ifuru na ịbawanye ọnụego ntọala mkpụrụ osisi, a na-eji ọdịda mkpụrụ sitere n'okike tupu ifuru, 2/3 nke ifuru agbaala, na ụbọchị 5 ruo 7 tupu ọdịda mkpụrụ osisi physiological nke abụọ.Ịfesa brassinoids + gibberellic acid nwere ike ịbawanye ọnụego ntọala mkpụrụ osisi citrus site na 20% (Guangxi Sugar Orange).Mkpụrụ osisi na mkpụrụ osisi na-eto eto na-atụgharị akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ụbọchị atọ tupu oge eruo, na ọnụego nke mkpụrụ osisi na-adịghị ala ala.
(2) Gbanwee agba, mụbaa shuga, ma melite ogo mkpụrụ osisi
Ụtọ mkpụrụ osisi nke nwata na-anọchi anya oke shuga-acid dị elu na ọkwa tozuru oke yana ụbara vitamin na ihe ndị na-achọpụta.N'oge mmalite nke mgbanwe ụcha mkpụrụ osisi, ojiji nke brassinoids sitere n'okike + potassium foliar fatịlaịza na-efesa ugboro 2-3 n'osisi ahụ nwere ike mee ka nnabata na mgbanwe na-edozi ahụ dịkwuo elu, kwalite photosynthesis, na-akwalite mkpokọta shuga, ma kwalite acid organic dị ka citric acid. na malic acid.A na-agbanwe mmebi nke quasi ka ọ bụrụ vitamin, flavonoids na nri ndị ọzọ, na-abawanye oke shuga-acid na mkpokọta ihe ụtọ.Ọ nwekwara mmetụta nke ịkwalite peel dị nro na mezie ọdịdị mkpụrụ osisi.
(3) Iri na ịkwakwasa mkpụrụ nke ubi ubi iji kwalite nguzogide na ịkwalite mmepụta na ego na-abawanye.
Ọdịmma na mkpụrụ nke ihe ọkụkụ nri nwere njikọ chiri anya na ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi.Brassinoids sitere n'okike nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'iguzogide nrụgide dị ka oke okpomọkụ, ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, mmebi oyi, na salinity n'oge oge uto niile nke ihe ọkụkụ.Nke mbụ, mgbakwasa mkpụrụ, mkpuchi na ọgwụgwọ ndị ọzọ tupu ịgha mkpụrụ nwere ike melite ịdị n'otu nke ntoputa ihe ọkụkụ ma mee ka mkpụrụ osisi sie ike (Fig 9).Nke abuo, ịgbasa brassinoids sitere n'okike ugboro 1-2 n'oge oge mmepe ihe ọkụkụ dị mkpa dị ka mmebi, ifuru na njuputa ọka nwere ike iguzogide nrụgide dị iche iche na ịbawanye mkpụrụ nri.A kwalitela brassinoids sitere n'okike na mba niile maka ịhazi ọka wit na ịba ụba nke mkpụrụ, gụnyere saịtị nnwale 11 na mpaghara ndị na-emepụta ọka wit dị ka Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, na Jiangsu, na-enwe mmụba nkezi nke 13.28%, n'ime ha. Mgbanwe nke ọnụ ahịa nke Shanxi bụ 22.36%.
(4) Kwalite nnabata nri ma kwalite mmepụta ihe oriri
Jiri 0.0075% eke brassinosteroid aqueous ngwọta diluted 2500 ugboro ma fesa na elu epupụta nke akwụkwọ nri 1-2 ugboro iji welie irè nke ihe ubi absorption na itinye n'ọrụ nke nri, welie photosynthesis, na-akwalite inine mmepụta.Nsonaazụ ule ime ụlọ gosiri na ụbọchị 6 ka ịgbasa akwụkwọ, mpaghara akwukwo pakchoi n'ime otu ọgwụgwọ brassinosteroid sitere n'okike mụbara site na 20% ma e jiri ya tụnyere njikwa mmiri doro anya.
(5) Dị irè na igbochi oyi na oyi
"Oyi oyi n'oge opupu ihe ubi" bụ nrụgide na-adịghị mma nke oge opupu ihe ubi, nke na-emetụta ihe ọkụkụ ozugbo.fesa 8-15ml nke brassinoids eke + potassium dihydrogen phosphate/amino acid foliar nutrition 2-4 ụbọchị gara aga, ụbọchị 3 gachara, yana ụbọchị 10-15 mgbe mmebi oyi ma ọ bụ mmebi oyi gachara iji welie nguzogide nke ihe ọkụkụ na mmebi oyi ma ọ bụ mmebi oyi. .Ihe ọkụkụ ndị jụrụ oyi na-amaliteghachi ngwa ngwa.Oge oyi nke oge opupu ihe ubi ga-emebi ihe karịrị 60% nke cherry calyces.Brassinoids eke + ọgwụgwọ fatịlaịza foliar potassium dị elu nwere ike ibelata ọnụego mmebi site na 40% nke ukwuu wee hụ na a na-emetọ ya.
N'okpuru ọnọdụ jụrụ oyi, usoro photosynthetic nke ihe ọkụkụ mebiri emebi na photosynthesis enweghị ike ịmecha ya nke ọma, na-emetụta uto ihe ọkụkụ.Ụbọchị 2-3 tupu mkpụrụ osisi tomato na-ata ahụhụ site na nrụgide na-ekpo ọkụ, fesaa osisi ahụ dum na 2000-fold dilution nke eke brassinosterol + amino acid foliar nutrition , iji rụọ ọrụ peroxidase (POD) na catalase (CAT).Wepu oke nrụgide oxygen free radicals na tomato iji chebe usoro photosynthetic nke mkpụrụ osisi tomato n'okpuru nrụgide na-akụ oyi ma kwalite mgbake ngwa ngwa mgbe nrụgide gasịrị.
(6) ahihia ngwakọta, arụmarụ ọrụ na nchekwa
Eke brassinoids nwere ike ngwa ngwa chịkọta basal metabolic larịị nke osisi.N'otu aka ahụ, mgbe ejiri ya na ọgwụ mgbochi ahịhịa, ọ nwere ike ịkwalite mmịnye na ibufe ọgwụ site na ahịhịa ma welie mmetụta herbicide;N'aka nke ọzọ, mgbe ọgwụ nje dị iche iche yiri ka ọ na-emerụ ahụ, ekwesịrị ịmegharị brassicas eke n'oge kwesịrị ekwesị Hormone ahụ nwere ike mee ka usoro nkwụsị nke ihe ọkụkụ rụọ ọrụ, mee ka metabolism nke pesticides dị n'ime ahụ dịkwuo ngwa ngwa, ma kwalite mgbake ihe ọkụkụ.
Oge nzipu: Feb-19-2024