1. Brassinosteroids dị n'ọtụtụ ebe n'alaeze osisi.
N'oge evolushọn, osisi ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-emepụta njikọ usoro homonụ dị n'ime ahụ iji meghachi omume na nrụgide gburugburu ebe obibi dị iche iche. N'ime ha, brassinoids bụ ụdị phytosterols nke nwere ọrụ nke ịkwalite ogologo mkpụrụ ndụ. A na-ahụkarị ha n'alaeze osisi niile site na obere ruo na elu osisi, a chọpụtakwara ọtụtụ ihe atụ brassinoids.
2. Brassinoids eke bụ "isi" kachasị mma iji mepee ụzọ brassinoids nke dị n'ime ahụ.
Brassinoids eke dịkarịsịrị n'ime okooko osisi na mkpụrụ, na-achịkwa mmepe ọmụmụ, ntozu mkpụrụ, na-akwalite ogologo ogwe osisi na ọdịdị mgbọrọgwụ, ma na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mma na iguzogide nrụgide osisi [3, 5]. Brassinoids mbụ nke achọpụtara nhazi ya bụ brassinolide BL (Foto 1-1). Agbanyeghị, ihe ndị sitere n'okike ya dị oke ala ma enweghị ike imezu mwepụta ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Nke a emeela ka e nwee usoro ihe ndị ọzọ ejiri aka mee. Osisi na-enweta mmetụta na nzaghachi site na ụkpụrụ "mkpọchi na igodo", brassinoids eke bụ "igodo" kacha mma iji mepee ụzọ maka nzaghachi brassinoids. Ha nwere njikọ siri ike na ndị na-anabata ya ma dị irè karịa brassinolides sịntetik dị iche iche. Enwere ike ịnweta ngwa ngwa nke brassinoids eke site na osisi, na-agbakwunye njikọ zuru oke nke brassinoids endogenous nke ihe dị iche iche kpatara, na-enye mkpụrụ ndụ ohere ịzaghachi ngwa ngwa, na-arụ ọrụ dị elu, enweghị ịjụ, na nchekwa dị elu.
14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid (Foto nke 2), dịka ihe atụ brassinosteroid ọhụrụ na pollen rapeseed, enwere ike ịchọta ma nụchaa ya n'ìgwè site na iji ihe mgbaze na-adịghị ize ndụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọ bụ brassinosteroid eke mbụ mepụtara mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ. . 14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid dị ka ihe na-egbu egbu ma ọ bụ ihe na-egbu egbu dị ala na nhazi nsị ọgwụ ahụhụ nke China. Ọkwa nsị gburugburu ebe obibi dị obere ma dịkwa mfe imebi, nyocha ihe egwu ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi dịkwa ala (RQ<1). Ọ na-emerụ mmadụ na ụmụ mmadụ ahụ. Nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi na nke biosafety, ọ bụ naanị ngwaahịa mgbakwunye osisi na mba ahụ nke nwetara asambodo ihe mmepụta nri akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na asambodo ntinye organic nke United States.
3. Omume itinye ihe n'ọrụ na-egosi na brassinoids eke nwere ike ịkwalite mmepụta dị elu ma mee ka ego dịkwuo elu.
(1) Kwalite ọdịiche dị n'etiti okooko osisi ma chekwaa okooko osisi na mkpụrụ osisi
Mkpụrụ na ụdị osisi mkpụrụ osisi nwere njikọ chiri anya na mmepe nke akụkụ ahụ okooko osisi. Ịgba brassinoids eke n'oge oge nhazi okooko osisi na oge mkpụrụ osisi na-eto eto, ma ọ bụ itinye ụfọdụ brassinoids eke n'oge mmepụta ihe nwere ike ime ka ọnụọgụ na ịdị mma nke okooko osisi mkpụrụ osisi dịkwuo elu nke ukwuu ma belata okooko osisi ndị gbagọrọ agbagọ. Ọ nwere ike ime ka arụmọrụ pollination dịkwuo mma, mee ka ọnụego ntọala mkpụrụ osisi dịkwuo elu, ma belata ọdịda okooko osisi na mkpụrụ osisi, a na-ejikwa ya nke ọma n'ịkụ na imepụta ọtụtụ osisi mkpụrụ osisi dị ka kiwi, citrus, apụl, na jujube.
Kiwifruit bụ osisi vaịn dioecious a na-ahụkarị. N'ọrụ mmepụta, a ga-eji ntụ ọka eme ihe iji mee ka mkpụrụ osisi na-amị amị na ọnụego ntọala mkpụrụ osisi dịkwuo elu. Mgbe ihe karịrị 2/3 nke osisi ahụ niile mara ifuru, jiri ntụ ọka brassinoids eke agwakọtara ya na pollen na oke nke 1/50 maka ntụ ọka ma ọ bụ ihe ngwọta mmiri brassinoids eke agwakọtara ugboro 2500 maka ntụ ọka fesa, nke nwere ike ime ka ọnụego ntọala mkpụrụ osisi kiwi dịkwuo elu ma kwalite ọdịnaya nke vitamin C na ihe ndị dị na mkpụrụ osisi ahụ nke ọma na-eme ka nchekwa na mbugharị na uru nri nke mkpụrụ kiwi dịkwuo mma. (Foto 3-4)[6]. N'oge mkpụrụ osisi kiwi na-eto eto, enwere ike ịgbasa ihe mejupụtara brassinoids eke, gibberellin, na auxin ọzọ, nke nwere ike ịkwalite mmụba ngwa ngwa na uto nke mkpụrụ osisi na-eto eto nke ukwuu, na-ebute ọdịdị mkpụrụ osisi dị gịrịgịrị na mmụba 20%-30% na otu ibu mkpụrụ osisi.
Mbelata mkpụrụ osisi citrus sitere n'okike dị oke njọ, ọnụego ntọala mkpụrụ osisi na-abụkarị naanị 2%-3%. Iji mee ka mma okooko osisi ka mma ma mee ka ọnụego ntọala mkpụrụ osisi dịkwuo elu, a na-eji mbelata mkpụrụ osisi eke tupu okooko osisi, 2/3 nke okooko osisi agbaala, na ụbọchị 5 ruo 7 tupu ọdịda mkpụrụ osisi nke abụọ. Ịgbasa brassinoids + gibberellic acid nwere ike ime ka ọnụego ntọala mkpụrụ osisi citrus dịkwuo elu site na 20% (Guangxi Sugar Orange). Mkpụrụ osisi na-eto eto na mkpụrụ osisi na-aghọ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ụbọchị atọ tupu oge eruo, ọnụego nke mkpụrụ osisi ndị gbawara agbawa dịkwa ala.
(2) Gbanwee agba, mụbaa shuga, ma melite mma mkpụrụ osisi
Uto mkpụrụ osisi n'oge nwata na-anọchite anya oke shuga na asịd dị elu n'oge ntozu okè na ịba ụba nke vitamin na ihe ndị ọzọ. N'oge mmalite nke mgbanwe agba mkpụrụ osisi, iji brassinoids eke + fatịlaịza foliar dị elu nke a na-agba ugboro 2-3 n'ime osisi ahụ nwere ike ime ka nnabata na mgbanwe nri dịkwuo ngwa ngwa, mee ka photosynthesis ka mma, kwalite mkpokọta shuga, ma kwalite asịd organic dị ka citric acid na malic acid. A na-agbanwe mmebi quasi ka ọ bụrụ vitamin, flavonoids na ihe ndị ọzọ na-edozi ahụ, na-eme ka oke shuga na asịd na mkpokọta ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ dịkwuo elu. Ọ na-enwekwa mmetụta nke ịkwalite akpụkpọ ahụ dị nro na idozi ọdịdị mkpụrụ osisi.
(3) Ịmikpu ma tinye mkpụrụ nke ihe ubi ubi iji mee ka iguzogide ya dịkwuo elu ma kwalite mmụba nke mmepụta na ego.
Ọdịdị na mmepụta nke ihe ọkụkụ nri nwere njikọ chiri anya na ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi. Brassinoids eke nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'iguzogide nrụgide dịka oke okpomọkụ, ọkọchị, mmebi oyi, na nnu n'oge uto niile nke ihe ọkụkụ nri. Nke mbụ, ịkụ mkpụrụ, mkpuchi na ọgwụgwọ ndị ọzọ tupu ịgha mkpụrụ nwere ike ime ka uto nke ihe ọkụkụ dịkwuo mma ma mee ka mkpụrụ osisi sie ike (Foto 9). Nke abụọ, ịgba brassinoids eke ugboro 1-2 n'oge mmepe ihe ọkụkụ dị mkpa dịka imebi, okooko osisi, na ijupụta ọka nwere ike iguzogide nrụgide dị iche iche ma mee ka mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ nri dịkwuo mma. A kwalitela brassinoids eke n'ofe mba ahụ maka ịchịkwa uto ọka wit na ịbawanye mkpụrụ, gụnyere ebe nnwale 11 na mpaghara ndị na-emepụta ọka wit dị ka Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, na Jiangsu, yana mmụba nkezi nke mkpụrụ nke 13.28%, nke mmụba nke mkpụrụ Shanxi ruru 22.36%.
(4) Mee ka mmiri na-abanye n'ahụ ma kwalite mmepụta akwụkwọ nri
Jiri mmiri ọgwụ brassinosteroid eke nke a gwakọtara ugboro 2500 wee fesa ya n'elu akwụkwọ nri ugboro 1-2 iji mee ka mma ịmịkọrọ ihe ubi na iji ihe ndị na-edozi ahụ eme ihe nke ọma, mee ka fotosintesis dịkwuo mma, ma kwalite mmepụta akwụkwọ nri. Nsonaazụ nnwale dị n'ime ụlọ gosiri na ụbọchị isii ka a gbasasịrị akwụkwọ, mpaghara akwụkwọ pakchoi dị na otu ọgwụgwọ brassinosteroid eke mụbara site na 20% ma e jiri ya tụnyere njikwa mmiri doro anya.
(5) Ọ dị irè n'igbochi oyi na oyi
"Oyi oge opupu ihe ubi" bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'oge opupu ihe ubi, nke na-emetụta ihe ọkụkụ ozugbo. Fesa 8-15ml nke brassinoids eke + potassium dihydrogen phosphate/amino acid foliar nutrition ụbọchị 2-4 tupu, ụbọchị 3 mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, na ụbọchị 10-15 mgbe oyi mebiri ma ọ bụ mmebi oyi kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ iji mee ka ihe ọkụkụ ghara iguzogide mmebi oyi ma ọ bụ mmebi oyi kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ. Ihe ubi kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ na-amaliteghachi ito ngwa ngwa. Oyi oge opupu ihe ubi ga-emebi ihe karịrị 60% nke calyces cherry. Brassinoids eke + ọgwụgwọ fatịlaịza foliar dị elu nwere ike ibelata ọnụego mmebi site na 40% nke ukwuu ma hụ na a na-amị mkpụrụ nke ọma.
N'ọnọdụ oyi kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ, usoro ihe ọkụkụ na-emebi emebi, a naghịkwa enwe ike imecha fotosynthesis nke ọma, nke na-emetụta uto ihe ọkụkụ nke ukwuu. Ụbọchị 2-3 tupu mkpụrụ osisi tomato enwee nrụgide oyi kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ, fesa osisi ahụ dum na ngwakọta brassinosterol eke + amino acid foliar nutrition ugboro 2000 iji mee ka ọrụ peroxidase (POD) na catalase (CAT) rụọ ọrụ. Wepụ oke nrụgide oxygen na tomato iji chebe usoro photosynthesis nke mkpụrụ osisi tomato n'okpuru nrụgide oyi ma kwalite mgbake ngwa ngwa mgbe nrụgide gasịrị.
(6) Ịkpụcha ahịhịa dị iche iche, ime ka arụmọrụ ka mma ma dịkwa nchebe
Brassinoids eke nwere ike ịkpalite ọkwa metabolic basal nke osisi ngwa ngwa. N'otu aka, mgbe ejiri ya na ọgwụ ogwu, ọ nwere ike ịkwalite ịmịkọrọ na mbufe ọgwụ site na ahịhịa ma mee ka mmetụta ogwu dịkwuo mma; n'aka nke ọzọ, mgbe ọgwụ nje dị iche iche yiri ka ọ na-emerụ ahụ, a ga-etinye brassica eke ọzọ n'oge kwesịrị ekwesị. Hormone ahụ nwere ike ime ka usoro mwepụ ihe ọkụkụ rụọ ọrụ, mee ka metabolism nke ọgwụ nje dị ngwa ngwa, ma kwalite mgbake ihe ubi.
Oge ozi: Feb-19-2024