A na-akwalite ụgbụ akwa nwere pyrethroid clofenpyr (CFP) na pyrethroid piperonyl butoxide (PBO) na mba ndị nwere nsogbu iji kwalite njikwa ọrịa ịba nke anwụnta na-eguzogide ọgwụ pyrethroid na-ebufe. CFP bụ proinsecticide nke chọrọ ịgbalite site na anwụnta cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450), na PBO na-akwalite ịdị irè nke pyrethroids site na igbochi ọrụ nke enzymes ndị a na anwụnta na-eguzogide pyrethroid. Ya mere, mgbochi P450 site na PBO nwere ike ibelata irè nke ụgbụ pyrethroid-CFP mgbe ejiri ya n'otu ụlọ dịka ụgbụ pyrethroid-PBO.
Emere nnwale nnwale abụọ nke nnwale iji nyochaa ụdị abụọ dị iche iche nke pyrethroid-CFP ITN (Interceptor® G2, PermaNet® Dual) naanị yana yana pyrethroid-PBO ITN (DuraNet® Plus, PermaNet® 3.0). Mmetụta ihe gbasara mkpụrụ ndụ nke iji Pyrethroid na-eguzogide Vector bi na ndịda Benin. N'ime ọmụmụ ihe abụọ ahụ, a nwalere ụdị ntupu niile na ọgwụgwọ ntupu otu na okpukpu abụọ. A na-emekwa bioassays iji chọpụta nguzogide ọgwụ nke ndị mmadụ nọ n'ụlọ a na-amụ banyere mmekọrịta dị n'etiti CFP na PBO.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị vector nwere mmetụta na CFP mana ha gosipụtara ọkwa dị elu nke iguzogide pyrethroids, mana a meriri nguzogide a site na ikpughe tupu PBO. E belatara ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-anwụ anwụ n'ime ụlọ site na iji nchikota nke ụgbụ pyrethroid-CFP na ụgbụ pyrethroid-PBO tụnyere ụlọ ndị na-eji ụgbụ pyrethroid-CFP abụọ (74% maka Interceptor® G2 vs. 85%, PermaNet® Dual 57% vs. 83 % ), p <0.001). Ngosipụta mbụ na PBO belatara nsị nke CFP na bioassays karama, na-atụ aro na mmetụta a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi akụkụ nke mmegide n'etiti CFP na PBO. Ọnwụ anwụ dị elu karịa n'ụlọ ndị na-eji nchikota ụgbụ nwere ụgbụ pyrethroid-CFP tụnyere ụlọ ndị na-enweghị ụgbụ pyrethroid-CFP, na mgbe a na-eji ụgbụ pyrethroid-CFP naanị dị ka ụgbụ abụọ. Mgbe ejikọtara ọnụ, ọnwụ kacha elu (83-85%).
Ọmụmụ ihe a gosipụtara na arụmọrụ pyrethroid-CFP meshes belatara mgbe ejiri ya na pyrethroid-PBO ITN jiri ya tụnyere naanị ya, ebe ịdị irè nke nchikota ntupu nwere pyrethroid-CFP meshes dị elu. Nsonaazụ ndị a na-atụ aro na ibute ụzọ nkesa nke netwọk pyrethroid-CFP karịa ụdị netwọkụ ndị ọzọ ga-ebuli mmetụta nchịkwa vector na ọnọdụ ndị yiri ya.
Ụgbụ akwa a na-agwọ ụmụ ahụhụ (ITN) nwere ọgwụ ahụhụ pyrethroid aghọwo ihe bụ isi n'ịchịkwa ịba n'ime afọ iri abụọ gara aga. Kemgbe 2004, e wetara ihe dị ka ijeri 2.5 ụgbụ a na-agwọ ụmụ ahụhụ na ndịda Sahara Africa [1], na-ebute mmụba n'ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị mmadụ na-ehi ụra n'okpuru ụgbụ a na-agwọ ahụhụ site na 4% ruo 47% [2]. Mmetụta nke mmejuputa iwu a dị ịrịba ama. A na-eme atụmatụ na ihe dị ka ijeri 2 ijeri ịba na ọnwụ nde 6.2 kwụsịrị n'ụwa nile n'etiti 2000 na 2021, na nyocha ihe ngosi na-egosi na ụgbụ a na-agwọ ụmụ ahụhụ bụ isi ihe na-akpata uru a [2, 3]. Otú ọ dị, ọganihu ndị a na-abịa n'ọnụ ahịa: mgbanwe mgbanwe nke pyrethroid na-eguzogide ọgwụ na ịba. Ọ bụ ezie na ụgbụ a na-agwọ ụmụ ahụhụ pyrethroid ka nwere ike na-enye nchebe onye ọ bụla megide ịba na mpaghara ebe vectors na-egosipụta nguzogide pyrethroid [4], nchọpụta nlegharị anya na-ebu amụma na na ọkwa dị elu nke nguzogide, ụgbụ akwa nke ụmụ ahụhụ na-agwọ ga-ebelata mmetụta ọrịa na-efe efe [5]. . Ya mere, nguzogide pyrethroid bụ otu n'ime ihe egwu kachasị egwu maka ọganihu na-adigide na nchịkwa ịba.
N'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga, e mepụtala ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ụgbụ akwa a na-agwọ ụmụ ahụhụ, nke jikọtara pyrethroids na kemịkalụ nke abụọ, iji meziwanye nchịkwa nke ịba nke anwụnta na-eguzogide ọgwụ pyrethroid na-ebufe. Klas ọhụrụ mbụ nke ITN nwere synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO), nke na-eme ka pyrethroid dị ike site na iwepu enzymes detoxifying jikọtara ya na nguzogide pyrethroid, karịsịa ịdị irè nke cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) [6]. Ihe ndina ejiri fluprone (CFP) agwọ ọrịa, ọgwụ ahụhụ azole nwere usoro ọhụrụ e ji eme ihe na-achọ iku ume cellular, adịkwa nso nso a. N'ịgbaso ngosipụta nke mmetụta entomological ka mma n'ime ule ndị na-anya ụgbọ elu [7, 8], a na-eduzi usoro nyocha nke a na-achịkwaghị nke ọma (cRCT) iji nyochaa uru ahụike ọha na eze nke ụgbụ ndị a ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụgbụ a na-agwọ ụmụ ahụhụ site na iji pyrethroid naanị ma nye ihe akaebe dị mkpa iji mee ka ndụmọdụ amụma sitere n'aka Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) [9]. Dabere na ihe akaebe na-egosi mmụba na-efe efe sitere na CRCT na Uganda [11] na Tanzania [12], WHO kwadoro bednets pyrethroid-PBO na-agwọ ahụhụ [10]. Ebipụtakwara pyrethroid-CFP ITN n'oge na-adịbeghị anya ka ndị RCT yiri ya na Benin [13] na Tanzania [14] gosiri na prototype ITN (Interceptor® G2) belatara mmụba nke ịba nwata site na 46% na 44%, n'otu n'otu. 10]. ].
N'ịgbaso mbọ ọhụrụ nke Global Fund na ndị ọzọ na-enye aka na ịba na-ahụ maka mgbochi ụmụ ahụhụ site n'ịkwalite iwebata bednet ọhụrụ [15], a na-eji pyrethroid-PBO na pyrethroid-CFP bednetnets eme ihe n'ebe ndị nwere nsogbu. Dochie ụmụ ahụhụ ọdịnala. ụgbụ akwa a na-agwọ nke na-eji naanị pyrethroid. N'agbata 2019 na 2022, oke nke ụgbụ anwụnta PBO pyrethroid enyere na ndịda Sahara Africa mụbara site na 8% ruo 51% [1], ebe ụgbụ anwụnta PBO pyrethroid, gụnyere CFP pyrethroid anwụnta, a na-atụ anya na ụgbụ anwụnta ga-arụ ọrụ abụọ. akaụntụ maka 56% nke mbupu. Banye n'ahịa Africa site na 2025[16]. Dị ka ihe àmà nke ịdị irè nke pyrethroid-PBO na pyrethroid-CFP ụgbụ anwụnta na-aga n'ihu, a na-atụ anya na ụgbụ ndị a ga-adịwanye n'ime afọ ndị na-abịanụ. Ya mere, a na-enwewanye mkpa iji mejupụta oghere ozi gbasara iji ụgbụ akwa akwa nke ọgbọ ọhụrụ na-agwọ ụmụ ahụhụ iji nweta mmetụta kachasị elu mgbe a na-ebuli elu maka iji ya rụọ ọrụ nke ọma.
N'iburu n'ọbawanye nke pyrethroid CFP na pyrethroid PBO ụgbụ anwụnta, National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) nwere otu ajụjụ nyocha ọrụ: A ga-ebelata irè ya - PBO ITN? Ihe kpatara nchegbu a bụ na PBO na-eme ihe site na igbochi anwụnta P450 enzymes [6], ebe CFP bụ proinsecticide nke chọrọ ịgbalite site na P450s [17]. Ya mere, a na-eche na mgbe a na-eji pyrethroid-CFP ITN na pyrethroid-CFP ITN mee ihe n'otu ụlọ, mmetụta mgbochi nke PBO na P450 nwere ike ibelata irè pyrethroid-CFP ITN. Ọtụtụ nchọpụta ụlọ nyocha egosiwo na tupu ikpughe na PBO na-ebelata oke nsi nke CFP na vectors anwụnta na bioassays kpọmkwem [18,19,20,21,22]. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ị na-eduzi ọmụmụ ihe n'etiti netwọk dị iche iche n'ọhịa, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti kemịkalụ ndị a ga-adị mgbagwoju anya. Nnyocha ndị a na-ebipụtabeghị enyochala mmetụta nke iji ụdị ụgbụ dị iche iche na-agwọ ụmụ ahụhụ ọnụ. Ya mere, ọmụmụ ihe ubi na-enyocha mmetụta nke iji nchikota nke pyrethroid-CFP na-agwọ ụmụ ahụhụ na pyrethroid-PBO n'ime otu ezinụlọ ga-enyere aka chọpụta ma enwere ike ịlụ ọgụ n'etiti ụdị ụgbụ ndị a na-ebute nsogbu ọrụ ma nyere aka chọpụta usoro nhazi kachasị mma. . maka mpaghara ya na-ekesa n'otu n'otu.
Oge nzipu: Sep-21-2023