Mgbanwe ihu igwe na mmụba ngwa ngwa nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ abụrụla isi ihe ịma aka maka nchekwa nri zuru ụwa ọnụ.Otu ngwọta na-ekwe nkwa bụ ijindị na-ahụ maka uto osisi(PGRs) iji mụbaa ihe ọkụkụ na imeri ọnọdụ na-eto eto na-adịghị mma dịka ihu igwe ọzara.N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, carotenoid zaxinone na abụọ nke analogues ya (MiZax3 na MiZax5) egosipụtawo ọrụ na-akwalite uto na-eto eto na ọka na akwụkwọ nri n'okpuru griin haus na ọnọdụ ubi.N'ebe a, anyị nyochara nsonaazụ dị iche iche nke MiZax3 na MiZax5 (5 μM na 10 μM na 2021; 2.5 μM na 5 μM na 2022) na uto na mkpụrụ nke ihe ọkụkụ abụọ bara uru na Cambodia: poteto na strawberries.Arabia.N'ime nnwale ubi ise kwụụrụ onwe ya site na 2021 ruo 2022, itinye MiZax abụọ ahụ mere ka njirimara agronomic osisi dịkwuo mma, ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na mkpokọta mkpokọta.Ọ dị mma ịmara na a na-eji MiZax mee ihe na obere doses karịa humic acid (ngwaahịa azụmahịa a na-ejikarị ebe a maka ntụnyere).Ya mere, nsonaazụ anyị gosipụtara na MiZax bụ onye na-ahụ maka uto osisi na-ekwe nkwa nke enwere ike iji kpalite uto na mkpụrụ nke ihe ọkụkụ n'ubi ọbụlagodi n'ọnọdụ ọzara yana n'ogo dị ala.
Dị ka Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Nri na Ọrụ Ugbo nke United Nations (FAO) si kwuo, usoro mmepụta nri anyị aghaghị ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okpukpu atọ site na 2050 iji zụọ ọnụ ọgụgụ na-eto eto zuru ụwa ọnụ (FAO: Ụwa ga-achọ 70% nri karịa n'afọ 20501).N'ezie, mmụba ngwa ngwa nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, mmetọ, mmegharị nke pesti na karịsịa oke okpomọkụ na ụkọ mmiri ozuzo nke mgbanwe ihu igwe kpatara bụ ihe ịma aka na-eche nche nchebe zuru ụwa ọnụ ihu2.N'akụkụ a, ịba ụba mkpụrụ nke ihe ọkụkụ n'ubi n'ọnọdụ ndị na-adịghị mma bụ otu n'ime ihe ngwọta a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha nye nsogbu a dị egwu.Otú ọ dị, uto na mmepe nke ihe ọkụkụ na-adabere karịsịa n'inweta nri na-edozi ahụ na ala ma na-egbochi ya nke ukwuu site na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi, gụnyere ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, salinity ma ọ bụ biotic stress3,4,5.Nchegbu ndị a nwere ike imetụta ahụike na mmepe nke ihe ọkụkụ n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma ma mechaa weta mbelata ihe ọkụkụ.Na mgbakwunye, oke mmiri dị ntakịrị na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ubi ubi, ebe mgbanwe ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ na-ebelata oke ala ubi na ihe omume dịka oke ọkụ na-ebelata mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ7,8.Okpomọkụ dị elu na-adịkarị n'ọtụtụ akụkụ ụwa, gụnyere Saudi Arabia.Ojiji nke biostimulants ma ọ bụ ndị na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ (PGR) bara uru n'ibelata okirikiri uto na ịbawanye mkpụrụ nke ihe ọkụkụ.Ọ nwere ike imeziwanye nnabata ihe ọkụkụ ma mee ka ihe ọkụkụ nwee ike ịnagide ọnọdụ uto na-adịghị mma9.N'akụkụ a, enwere ike iji biostimulants na ndị na-ahụ maka uto osisi na mkpokọta kachasị mma iji meziwanye uto osisi na nrụpụta10,11.
Carotenoids bụ tetraterpenoids nke na-ejekwa ozi dị ka ihe mmalite maka phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) na strigolactone (SL) 12,13,14, yana ndị na-ahụ maka uto achọpụtara na nso nso a zaxinone, anorene na cyclocitral15,16,17,18,19.Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ metabolites n'ezie, gụnyere carotenoid mmepụta, nwere oke sitere n'okike na/ma ọ bụ na-adịghị akwụsi ike, na-eme ka ngwa ngwa ha na mpaghara a sie ike.Ya mere, n'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga, ọtụtụ ABA na SL analogues / mimetics emepụtara ma nwalee maka ngwa ọrụ ugbo20,21,22,23,24,25.N'otu aka ahụ, anyị ewepụtala mimetics nke zaxinone (MiZax) n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, metabolite na-eto eto nke nwere ike ịkpata mmetụta ya site na ịkwalite metabolism shuga yana ịhazi SL homeostasis na mgbọrọgwụ osikapa19,26.Mimetics nke zaxinone 3 (MiZax3) na MiZax5 (ụdị kemịkalụ egosipụtara na eserese 1A) gosiri ọrụ ndu nke tụnyere zaxinone na ụdị osikapa ọhịa toro hydroponically na na ala26.Ọzọkwa, ọgwụgwọ tomato, ụbọchị nkwụ, green ose na ugu na zaxinone, MiZax3 na MiZx5 mma osisi ibu na arụpụtaghị ihe, ie, ose mkpụrụ na àgwà, n'okpuru griin haus na-emeghe ubi ọnọdụ, na-egosi na ha ọrụ dị ka biostimulants na ojiji nke PGR27..N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, MiZax3 na MiZax5 mekwara ka nnabata nnu nke ose green toro n'okpuru ọnọdụ salinity dị elu, na MiZax3 mụbara ọdịnaya zinc nke mkpụrụ osisi ahụ mgbe ejiri ígwè-organic frameworks nwere zinc7,28.
(A) Ọdịdị kemịkal nke MiZax3 na MiZax5.(B) Mmetụta nke foliar spraying nke MZ3 na MZ5 na ntinye nke 5 µM na 10 µM na osisi nduku n'okpuru ọnọdụ oghere.Nnwale ahụ ga-ewere ọnọdụ na 2021. A na-egosi data dị ka ± SD pụtara.n≥15.Emere nyocha ọnụ ọgụgụ site na iji nyocha otu ụzọ nke iche (ANOVA) na ule Tukey post hoc.Asterisks na-egosi ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama dị iche iche ma e jiri ya tụnyere ịme anwansị (*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, ọ bụghị ihe dị mkpa).ha - humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3;MZ5, MiZax5.ha - humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3;MZ5, MiZax5.
N'ime ọrụ a, anyị nyochara MiZax (MiZax3 na MiZax5) na mkpokọta foliar atọ (5 µM na 10 µM na 2021 na 2.5 µM na 5 µM na 2022) wee jiri ha tụnyere nduku (Solanum tuberosum L).Atụnyere onye na-ahụ maka uto azụmahịa humic acid (HA) na strawberries (Fragaria ananassa) na ule griin haus strawberry na 2021 na 2022 yana na nnwale ubi anọ na ala eze Saudi Arabia, mpaghara ihu igwe na-ahụkarị.Ọ bụ ezie na HA bụ biostimulant a na-ejikarị eme ihe nke nwere ọtụtụ mmetụta bara uru, gụnyere ịba ụba nke nri nri ala na ịkwalite uto ihe ọkụkụ site na ịhazi homeostasis nke hormonal, nsonaazụ anyị na-egosi na MiZax dị elu karịa HA.
A zụtara tubers nduku nke ụdị diamond dị iche iche n'aka Jabbar Nasser Al Bishi Trading Company, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.A zụrụ mkpụrụ nke ụdị strawberry abụọ "Sweet Charlie" na "Ememme" na humic acid n'aka Modern Agritech Company, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Ihe ọkụkụ niile eji arụ ọrụ a kwekọrọ na Nkwupụta amụma IUCN maka nyocha metụtara ụdị ndị nọ n'ihe egwu na Mgbakọ maka ịzụ ahịa n'ụdị anụmanụ dị ize ndụ nke anụ ọhịa na ahịhịa.
Ebe nnwale ahụ dị na Hada Al-Sham, Saudi Arabia (21°48′3″N, 39°43′25″E).Ala ahụ bụ ájá ájá, pH 7.8, EC 1.79 dcm-130.E gosipụtara njirimara ala na tebụl mgbakwunye S1.
Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa D. var. Festival) osisi na 3 ezi akwukwo nkebi e kewara n'ime atọ otu iji nyochaa mmetụta nke foliar spraying na 10 μM MiZax3 na MiZax5 na uto àgwà na oge okooko n'okpuru griin haus ọnọdụ.A na-eji mmiri fesa akwụkwọ (nke nwere 0.1% acetone) dị ka ọgwụgwọ nlereanya.A na-etinye mmiri mmiri MiZax foliar ugboro 7 n'ime otu izu.Emere nnwale nnwere onwe abụọ na Septemba 15 na 28, 2021, n'otu n'otu.Usoro mbụ nke ogige ọ bụla bụ 50 ml, wee jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ mụbaa ruo na njedebe ikpeazụ nke 250 ml.N'ime izu abụọ na-esochi, a na-edekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke okooko osisi kwa ụbọchị ma gbakọọ ọnụego ifuru na mmalite nke izu nke anọ.Iji chọpụta àgwà uto, ọnụ ọgụgụ akwụkwọ, ihe ọkụkụ dị ọhụrụ na nke akọrọ, mkpokọta akwụkwọ, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke stolons kwa osisi ka a tụrụ na njedebe nke oge uto na na mmalite nke usoro ọmụmụ.A na-eji mita ebe akwụkwọ tụọ ebe akwụkwọ wee tụọ ihe nlele ọhụrụ n'ime oven na 100 Celsius C maka awa 48.
A na-eme ule abụọ nke ubi: n'oge na mbubreyo.A na-akụ tubers nduku nke ụdị "Diamant" na Nọvemba na Febụwarị, na oge mmalite na mbubreyo, n'otu n'otu.A na-enye biostimulants (MiZax-3 na -5) na mkpokọta 5.0 na 10.0 µM (2021) na 2.5 na 5.0 µM (2022).Fesa humic acid (HA) 1 g/l ugboro 8 n'izu.A na-eji mmiri ma ọ bụ acetone mee ihe dịka nchịkwa na-adịghị mma.Egosiri imewe ule ubi na (Ngbakwunye S1).A na-eji atụmatụ ngọngọ zuru oke (RCBD) nke nwere oghere nke 2.5 m × 3.0 m mee nyocha nke ubi.A na-emeghachi ọgwụgwọ ọ bụla ugboro atọ dị ka nsụgharị onwe ya.Ebe dị n'etiti ebe ọ bụla dị 1.0 m, ebe dị n'etiti ngọngọ ọ bụla bụ 2.0 m.Ebe dị anya n'etiti osisi bụ 0.6 m, ebe dị n'etiti ahịrị bụ 1 m.A na-agba osisi nduku mmiri kwa ụbọchị site na ntapu na ọnụego 3.4 l kwa dropper ọ bụla.Usoro na-agba ọsọ ugboro abụọ n'ụbọchị maka 10 nkeji oge ọ bụla iji nye mmiri na osisi.A na-etinye usoro agrotechnical niile akwadoro maka ịkụ poteto n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụkọ mmiri ozuzo31.Ọnwa anọ ka akukuchara, a na-eji usoro ọkọlọtọ tụọ ịdị elu osisi (cm), ọnụ ọgụgụ nke alaka otu osisi, ihe mejupụtara poteto na mkpụrụ osisi, na àgwà tuber.
A nwalere mkpụrụ nke ụdị strawberry abụọ (Sweet Charlie na Ememme) n'okpuru ọnọdụ ubi.A na-eji biostimulants (MiZax-3 na -5) mee ihe dị ka akwụkwọ na-efesa na mkpokọta 5.0 na 10.0 µM (2021) na 2.5 na 5.0 µM (2022) ugboro asatọ n'izu.Jiri 1 g nke HA kwa lita dị ka foliar ịgba n'otu n'otu na MiZax-3 na -5, na H2O akara ngwakọta ma ọ bụ acetone dị ka ihe ọjọọ akara.A na-akụ mkpụrụ osisi strawberry na ala 2.5 x 3 m na mbido November na oghere osisi nke 0.6 m na oghere ahịrị 1 m.Emere nnwale ahụ na RCBD ma megharịa ugboro atọ.A na-agba osisi maka nkeji 10 kwa ụbọchị na 7:00 na 17:00 site na iji usoro ịgba mmiri na-agba mmiri nke nwere drippers nwere oghere 0.6 m iche yana ikike nke 3.4 L. Agrotechnical components na mkpụrụ mkpụrụ na-atụ n'oge oge ntoju.Achọpụtara ogo mkpụrụ osisi gụnyere TSS (%), vitamin C32, acidity na mkpokọta phenolic33 na Laboratory of Postharvest Physiology and Technology nke Mahadum King Abdulaziz.
A na-akọwapụta data dị ka ụzọ na ụdịdị dị iche iche na-egosipụta dị ka ọkọlọtọ ọkọlọtọ.Ekpebiri mkpakọ ọnụ ọgụgụ site na iji otu ụzọ ANOVA (otu ụzọ ANOVA) ma ọ bụ ụzọ abụọ ANOVA na-eji ule ntụle ọtụtụ Tukey site na iji ọkwa nke puru omume nke p <0.05 ma ọ bụ nwale nwata nwere ọdụ abụọ iji chọpụta ọdịiche dị ukwuu (* p <0.05). , * * p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001).Emere nkọwa ndekọ aha niile site na iji ụdị GraphPad Prism 8.3.0.A nwalere ndị otu na-eji nyocha isi ihe (PCA), usoro nchịkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ dị iche iche, na-eji ngwugwu R 34 .
Na akụkọ gara aga, anyị gosipụtara ọrụ na-akwalite uto nke MiZax na ntinye nke 5 na 10 μM na osisi horticultural ma kwalite ihe ngosi chlorophyll na Ala Osisi (SPAD)27.Dabere na nsonaazụ ndị a, anyị na-eji otu mkpokọta ahụ nyochaa mmetụta nke MiZax na nduku, ihe ọkụkụ dị mkpa zuru ụwa ọnụ nri, na ule ubi na ihu igwe ọzara na 2021. Karịsịa, anyị nwere mmasị ịnwale ma MiZax nwere ike ịbawanye ụba nke starch. , ngwaahịa ikpeazụ nke photosynthesis.N'ozuzu, ngwa nke MiZax kwalitere uto nke osisi nduku ma e jiri ya tụnyere humic acid (HA), na-eme ka mmụba nke osisi dị elu, biomass na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke alaka (Fig 1B).Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, anyị chọpụtara na 5 μM MiZax3 na MiZax5 nwere mmetụta siri ike n'ịbawanye elu osisi, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke alaka, na osisi biomass ma e jiri ya tụnyere 10 μM (Figure 1B).Tinyere mmụba ka mma, MiZax mụbara mkpụrụ, nke a tụrụ site na ọnụọgụ na ịdị arọ nke tubers ewepụtara.Mmetụta bara uru n'ozuzu ya adịchaghị akpọpụta mgbe a na-elekọta MiZax na ntinye nke 10 μM, na-atụ aro na a ga-edozi ogige ndị a na mkpokọta n'okpuru nke a (Nyocha 1B).Na mgbakwunye, anyị ahụghị ihe dị iche na mpaghara niile edere n'etiti ọgwụgwọ acetone (akwa emo) na ọgwụgwọ mmiri (nchịkwa), na-atụ aro na ọ bụghị ihe mgbaze kpatara mmụba uto uto, nke dabara na akụkọ anyị gara aga27.
Ebe ọ bụ na oge na-eto eto nduku na Saudi Arabia nwere mmalite na mbubreyo, anyị mere ọmụmụ ihe ubi nke abụọ na 2022 site na iji obere mkpokọta (2.5 na 5 µM) n'ime oge abụọ iji nyochaa mmetụta oge nke oghere oghere (Ngbakwunye S2A).Dị ka a tụrụ anya ya, ngwa abụọ nke 5 μM MiZax na-emepụta mmetụta na-eto eto na-eto eto dị ka ndị dị na ule mbụ: ụbara elu osisi, ịba ụba alaka, biomass dị elu, na ọnụ ọgụgụ tuber (Fig 2; Mgbakwunye Fig. S3).N'ụzọ dị mkpa, anyị hụrụ mmetụta dị ịrịba ama nke PGR ndị a na ntinye nke 2.5 μM, ebe ọgwụgwọ GA egosighi mmetụta ndị e buru n'amụma.Nsonaazụ a na-egosi na enwere ike iji MiZax mee ihe ọbụlagodi na ntinye dị ala karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya.Na mgbakwunye, ngwa MiZax mụbara ogologo na obosara nke tubers (Nkọwa ihe atụ S2B).Anyị chọpụtakwara mmụba dị ukwuu na ịdị arọ tuber, mana ntinye 2.5 µM ka etinyere naanị n'oge ihe ọkụkụ abụọ.
Osisi phenotypic ntule mmetụta nke MiZax na mmalite maturing nduku osisi na KAU ubi, rụrụ na 2022. Data na-anọchi anya pụtara ± ọkọlọtọ ndiiche.n≥15.Emere nyocha ọnụ ọgụgụ site na iji nyocha otu ụzọ nke iche (ANOVA) na ule Tukey post hoc.Asterisks na-egosi ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama dị iche iche ma e jiri ya tụnyere ịme anwansị (*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, ọ bụghị ihe dị mkpa).ha - humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3;MZ5, MiZax5.ha - humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3;MZ5, MiZax5.
Iji ghọta nke ọma mmetụta ọgwụgwọ (T) na afọ (Y), a na-eji ụzọ abụọ ANOVA nyochaa mmekọrịta ha (T x Y).Ọ bụ ezie na ihe niile biostimulants (T) budata ụba osisi nduku na biomass, naanị MiZax3 na MiZax5 budata ọnụọgụ tuber na ịdị arọ, na-egosi na nzaghachi bidirectional nke tubers nduku na MiZax abụọ bụ nke yiri ya (Fig 3)).Na mgbakwunye, na mmalite nke oge ihu igwe (https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/saudi-arabia/jeddah/climate) na-ekpo ọkụ (nkezi 28 Celsius C na iru mmiri 52% (2022), nke na-ebelata nke ukwuu. mkpokọta tuber biomass (Fig 2; Mgbakwunye Fig. S3).
Mụta nsonaazụ ọgwụgwọ 5µm (T), afọ (Y) na mmekọrịta ha (T x Y) na nduku.Data na-anọchi anya pụtara ± ọkọlọtọ ndahie.n ≥ 30. A na-eme nyocha ọnụ ọgụgụ site na iji nyocha ụzọ abụọ nke ọdịiche (ANOVA).Asterisks na-egosi ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama dị iche iche ma e jiri ya tụnyere ịme anwansị (*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, ọ bụghị ihe dị mkpa).ha - humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3;MZ5, MiZax5.
Otú ọ dị, ọgwụgwọ Myzax ka na-akwalite uto nke osisi na-eto eto n'oge.N'ozuzu, nyocha onwe anyị atọ gosipụtara n'enweghị obi abụọ na ntinye nke MiZax nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na nhazi osisi site n'ịba ụba nke alaka.N'ezie, enwere mmetụta mmekọrịta dị ịrịba ama abụọ n'etiti (T) na (Y) na ọnụ ọgụgụ alaka mgbe ọgwụgwọ MiZax gasịrị (Fig 3).Nsonaazụ a dabara na ọrụ ha dị ka ndị na-achịkwa strigolactone (SL) biosynthesis26 na-adịghị mma.Ke adianade do, anyị na mbụ gosiri na Zaxinone ọgwụgwọ na-akpata starch ìgwè ke osikapa mgbọrọgwụ35, nke nwere ike ịkọwa na-abawanye na size na arọ nduku tubers mgbe MiZax ọgwụgwọ, ebe tubers na-tumadi esịnede starch.
Mkpụrụ osisi bụ osisi akụ na ụba dị mkpa.Strawberries na-enwe mmetụta maka ọnọdụ nrụgide abiotic dị ka ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na oke okpomọkụ.Ya mere, anyị nyochara mmetụta MiZax na strawberries site n'ịgba akwụkwọ.Anyị buru ụzọ nye MiZax na ntinye nke 10 µM iji nyochaa mmetụta ya na uto strawberry (ememme cultivar).N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, anyị chọpụtara na MiZax3 mụbara ọnụ ọgụgụ nke stolons nke ukwuu, nke kwekọrọ na ụbara alaka, ebe MiZax5 na-eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ okooko osisi dị mma, osisi biomass, na ebe akwukwo n'okpuru ọnọdụ griin haus (Ngbakwunye Figure S4), na-atụ aro na ogige abụọ a nwere ike ịdịgasị iche.Ihe omume 26,27.Iji ghọtakwuo mmetụta ha na strawberries n'okpuru ọnọdụ ọrụ ugbo n'ezie, anyị na-eduzi ule ubi na-etinye 5 na 10 μM MiZax na osisi strawberry (cv. Sweet Charlie) nke toro na ala ájá ájá na 2021 (fig. S5A).Tụnyere GC, anyị emeghị ka mmụba nke osisi biomass, ma hụrụ a na-emekarị kwupụta mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mkpụrụ osisi (Fig. C6A-B).Agbanyeghị, ngwa MiZax butere mmụba dị ukwuu na ịdị arọ nke otu mkpụrụ osisi wee gosi na ịdabere na ntinye uche (Ngbakwunye S5B; Ihe mgbakwunye S6B), na-egosi mmetụta nke ndị na-ahụ maka uto osisi na ogo mkpụrụ osisi strawberry mgbe etinyere ya n'okpuru ọnọdụ ọzara.mmetụta.
Iji ghọta ma mmetụta nkwalite uto dịgasị iche n'ụdị cultivar, anyị ahọpụtara mkpụrụ osisi strawberry azụmahịa abụọ na Saudi Arabia (Sweet Charlie na Ememme) wee mee ọmụmụ ihe ubi abụọ na 2022 site na iji obere mkpokọta MiZax (2.5 na 5 µM).N'ihi na Sweet Charlie, ọ bụ ezie na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mkpụrụ osisi amụbaghị budata, mkpụrụ biomass nke osisi na-emeso na MiZax bụ n'ozuzu elu, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mkpụrụ osisi kwa ibé mụbara mgbe MiZax3 ọgwụgwọ (Fig. 4).Data ndị a n'ihu na-egosi na ọrụ ndu nke MiZax3 na MiZax5 nwere ike ịdị iche.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, mgbe ọgwụgwọ Myzax gasịrị, anyị hụrụ mmụba nke ọhụrụ na akọrọ dị arọ nke osisi, yana ogologo oge nke osisi.Banyere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke stolons na osisi ọhụrụ, anyị hụrụ mmụba naanị na 5 μM MiZax (Fig 4), na-egosi na nhazi MiZax kacha mma na-adabere na ụdị osisi.
Mmetụta nke MiZax na usoro ihe ọkụkụ na mkpụrụ osisi strawberry (Sweet Charlie dịgasị iche iche) sitere na ubi KAU, a na-eme na 2022. Data na-anọchi anya pụtara ± ọkọlọtọ.n ≥ 15, ma ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mkpụrụ osisi kwa ibé ka agbakọrọ na nkezi si 15 osisi si atọ plots (n = 3).A na-eme nyocha ọnụ ọgụgụ site na iji nyocha otu ụzọ nke iche (ANOVA) na ule Tukey post hoc ma ọ bụ ule ọdụdụ abụọ nke Student's t.Asterisks na-egosi ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama dị iche iche ma e jiri ya tụnyere ịme anwansị (*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, ọ bụghị ihe dị mkpa).ha - humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3;MZ5, MiZax5.
Anyị hụkwara ọrụ na-akpali akpali yiri nke ahụ n'ihe gbasara ibu mkpụrụ na osisi biomass na strawberries nke Ememe dị iche iche (Fig 5), mana ahụghị ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama na ọnụọgụ mkpụrụ osisi kwa osisi ma ọ bụ kwa ibé (Fig 5). ..N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, ngwa nke MiZax mụbara ogologo osisi na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke stolons, na-egosi na ndị a na-ahụ maka mmepe osisi nwere ike iji meziwanye uto nke mkpụrụ osisi (Fig 5).Na mgbakwunye, anyị tụlere ọtụtụ usoro biochemical iji ghọta àgwà mkpụrụ nke cultivar abụọ a na-anakọta n'ubi, mana anyị enwetaghị ọdịiche ọ bụla n'etiti ọgwụgwọ niile (Nkọwapụta S7; Ihe Ngbakwunye S8).
Mmetụta nke MiZax na ihe owuwu osisi na mkpụrụ osisi strawberry na ubi KAU (Ememe dị iche iche), 2022. Data pụtara ± ọkọlọtọ ndapụta.n ≥ 15, ma ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mkpụrụ osisi kwa ibé ka agbakọrọ na nkezi si 15 osisi si atọ plots (n = 3).A na-eme nyocha ọnụ ọgụgụ site na iji nyocha otu ụzọ nke iche (ANOVA) na ule Tukey post hoc ma ọ bụ ule ọdụdụ abụọ nke Student's t.Asterisks na-egosi ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama dị iche iche ma e jiri ya tụnyere ịme anwansị (*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, ọ bụghị ihe dị mkpa).ha - humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3;MZ5, MiZax5.
N'ime ọmụmụ ihe anyị gbasara strawberries, ọrụ ndu nke MiZax3 na MiZax5 bịara dị iche.Anyị buru ụzọ nyochaa mmetụta nke ọgwụgwọ (T) na afọ (Y) na otu cultivar (Sweet Charlie) na-eji ụzọ abụọ ANOVA iji chọpụta mmekọrịta ha (T x Y).N'ihi ya, HA enweghị mmetụta na strawberry cultivar (Sweet Charlie), ebe 5 μM MiZax3 na MiZax5 budata ụba osisi na mkpụrụ osisi biomass (Fig 6), na-egosi na mmekọrịta ụzọ abụọ nke MiZax abụọ yiri nnọọ n'ịkwalite strawberry. mmepụta.
Nyochaa mmetụta nke ọgwụgwọ 5 µM (T), afọ (Y) na mmekọrịta ha (T x Y) na strawberries (cv. Sweet Charlie).Data na-anọchi anya pụtara ± ọkọlọtọ ndahie.n ≥ 30. A na-eme nyocha ọnụ ọgụgụ site na iji nyocha ụzọ abụọ nke ọdịiche (ANOVA).Asterisks na-egosi ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama dị iche iche ma e jiri ya tụnyere ịme anwansị (*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, ọ bụghị ihe dị mkpa).ha - humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3;MZ5, MiZax5.
Na mgbakwunye, nyere na ọrụ MiZax na osisi abụọ ahụ dịtụ iche (Fig 4; Fig 5), anyị mere ụzọ abụọ ANOVA na-atụnyere ọgwụgwọ (T) na abụọ cultivars (C).Nke mbụ, ọ dịghị ọgwụgwọ emetụta nọmba mkpụrụ osisi kwa ibé (Fig 7), na-egosi enweghị mmekọrịta dị ịrịba ama n'etiti (T x C) na-atụ aro na ọ dịghị MiZax ma ọ bụ HA na-enye aka na ọnụọgụ mkpụrụ.N'ụzọ dị iche, MiZax (ma ọ bụghị HA) budata ụba ihe ọkụkụ, ibu mkpụrụ osisi, stolons na osisi ọhụrụ (Fig 7), na-egosi na MiZax3 na MiZax5 na-akwalite uto nke mkpụrụ osisi strawberry dị iche iche.Dabere na ụzọ abụọ ANOVA (T x Y) na (T x C), anyị nwere ike ikwubi na ọrụ na-akwalite uto nke MiZax3 na MiZax5 n'okpuru ọnọdụ ubi yiri nnọọ ma na-agbanwe agbanwe.
Nyochaa ọgwụgwọ strawberry na 5 µM (T), ụdị abụọ (C) na mmekọrịta ha (T x C).Data na-anọchi anya pụtara ± ọkọlọtọ ndahie.n ≥ 30, ma ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mkpụrụ osisi kwa ibé ka agbakọrọ na nkezi si 15 osisi si atọ plots (n = 6).A na-eme nyocha ọnụ ọgụgụ site na iji nyocha ụzọ abụọ nke ọdịiche (ANOVA).Asterisks na-egosi ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama dị iche iche ma e jiri ya tụnyere ịme anwansị (*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, ọ bụghị ihe dị mkpa).ha - humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3;MZ5, MiZax5.
N'ikpeazụ, anyị jiri nyocha nke isi ihe (PCA) iji nyochaa mmetụta nke ogige etinyere na poteto (T x Y) na strawberries (T x C).Ọnụọgụ ndị a na-egosi na ọgwụgwọ HA yiri acetone na poteto ma ọ bụ mmiri na strawberries (Njirimara 8), na-egosi obere mmetụta dị mma na uto osisi.N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, n'ozuzu mmetụta nke MiZax3 na MiZax5 gosiri otu nkesa na nduku (Nyocha 8A), ebe nkesa nke ogige abụọ a na strawberry dị iche (Nyocha 8B).Ọ bụ ezie na MiZax3 na MiZax5 gosipụtara nkesa nke ọma na uto na mkpụrụ osisi, nyocha PCA gosiri na ọrụ nhazi uto nwekwara ike ịdabere na ụdị osisi.
Isi akụrụngwa nyocha (PCA) nke (A) poteto (T x Y) na (B) strawberries (T x C).Akara akara maka otu abụọ ahụ.Ahịrị jikọtara akụkụ nke ọ bụla na-eduga na etiti ụyọkọ ahụ.
Na nchịkọta, dabere na ọmụmụ ubi ise anyị nwere onwe ya na ihe ọkụkụ abụọ bara uru yana kwekọrọ na akụkọ anyị gara aga site na 2020 ruo 202226, MiZax3 na MiZax5 bụ ndị na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ nke nwere ike imeziwanye ihe ọkụkụ dị iche iche., gụnyere ọka, osisi osisi (nkwụ ụbọchị) na mkpụrụ osisi horticultural26,27.Ọ bụ ezie na usoro molekụla gafere ihe omume ndụ ha ka adịkwaghị adị, ha nwere ikike dị ukwuu maka itinye n'ubi.Nke kachasị mma, ma e jiri ya tụnyere humic acid, a na-etinye MiZax n'ụdị dị ntakịrị (ọkwa micromolar ma ọ bụ milligram) yana mmetụta dị mma na-apụta karịa.Ya mere, anyị na-atụle usoro onunu ogwu nke MiZax3 kwa ngwa (site na ala ruo elu): 3, 6 ma ọ bụ 12 g / ha na usoro MiZx5: 4, 7 ma ọ bụ 13 g / ha, na-eme ka PGR ndị a bara uru maka imeziwanye ihe ọkụkụ.Enwere ike ime ya nke ọma.
Oge nzipu: Mar-15-2024