N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, site na mmụba nke mmepe obodo na ọsọ nke nnyefe ala, ọrụ ime obodo amụbaala n'obodo ukwu, ụkọ ọrụ aghọọla ihe a na-ahụkarị, nke na-eme ka ọnụ ahịa ọrụ dịkwuo elu; ọnụọgụ ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ọrụ amụbaala kwa afọ, ọgwụ ndị ọrụ siri ike na-echekwa ihe ịma aka ihu. Karịsịa site na mmejuputa mbelata na mmụba arụmọrụ ọgwụ ahụhụ na-aga n'ihu, ọ nwere ike imeziwanye ọnụego ojiji nke ọgwụ ahụhụ, belata ibu ọrụ, ma weta ezigbo ohere maka mmepe nke usoro nchekwa ọrụ site na iji ụzọ dị mfe. Nkwadebe ọrụ nchekwa ọrụ na nchekwa ọrụ dịka mmiri sprinkler, granules na-ese n'elu mmiri, mmanụ na-agbasa ihe nkiri, granules U, na microcapsules aghọọla ebe a na-eme nnyocha nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, na-eweta ohere magburu onwe ya maka mmepe. Mmepe na ojiji ha ejidela nnukwu ahịa n'ubi paddy, gụnyere ụfọdụ ihe ubi ego, atụmanya ha dịkwa oke ukwuu.
Mmepe nke nkwadebe nchekwa ọrụ na-aka mma
N'ime afọ iri gara aga, teknụzụ ọgwụ ahụhụ nke mba m enwetala mmepe ngwa ngwa, usoro mmepe maka ịdị mma gburugburu ebe obibi apụtawo ìhè nke ukwuu; imeziwanye arụmọrụ, ilekwasị anya na nchekwa akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, na ibelata dose na ịbawanye arụmọrụ bụ naanị ụzọ maka mmepe.
Usoro nchekwa ọrụ bụ ihe ọhụrụ e ji emepụta ọgwụ ndị na-eso usoro a. N'ụzọ pụrụ iche, nnyocha na-echekwa ọrụ na usoro ọgwụ ahụhụ pụtara na ndị ọrụ nwere ike ịchekwa awa ọrụ na ọrụ ha n'ọrụ ọgwụ ahụhụ site na ụzọ na usoro dị iche iche, ya bụ, ịmụ otu esi eji ụzọ kachasị echekwa ọrụ na ụzọ kachasị echekwa ọrụ iji tinye ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ ọgwụ ahụhụ ngwa ngwa na nke ziri ezi. Tinye ya na mpaghara ihe ubi.
N'ụwa niile, Japan bụ mba na-emepe emepe ngwa ngwa na teknụzụ nchekwa ọrụ ọgwụ ahụhụ, South Korea sochiri ya. Mmepe nke usoro nchekwa ọrụ agafeela usoro nyocha na mmepe atọ site na granules ruo na granules buru ibu, usoro effervescent, usoro mmiri mmiri, wee ruo usoro mmanụ na-agbasa ihe nkiri, granules na-ese n'elu mmiri, na granules U.
N'ime afọ iri gara aga, usoro ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ ahụhụ na-azọpụta ọrụ etoola ngwa ngwa na mba m, a kwalitekwara ma tinyekwa teknụzụ nke usoro ọgwụgwọ ndị yiri ya n'ihe ubi ndị ubi paddy na-anọchite anya. Ugbu a, usoro ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ ahụhụ na-azọpụta ọrụ gụnyere mmanụ na-agbasa ihe nkiri, granules na-ese n'elu mmiri, granules U, microcapsules, ihe na-agbasa mmiri n'elu mmiri, ihe na-eme ka ọ dị ọkụ (mbadamba), granules buru ibu, granules na-etinye ike n'ọtụtụ, ihe na-ese anwụrụ, ihe na-eme ka ihe dị nro, ihe na-eme ka anwụrụ ọkụ, ihe na-eme ka ihe dị nro, wdg.
N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọnụọgụgụ nkwadebe nchekwa ọrụ edebanyere aha na mba m amụbaala kwa afọ. Dịka ọ dị na Ọktoba 26, 2021, China Pesticide Information Network na-egosi na enwere ngwaahịa 24 edebanyere aha nke nnukwu granules na mba m, ngwaahịa 10 nke mmanụ na-agbasa ihe nkiri, otu ngwaahịa edebanyere aha nke ihe na-agbasa mmiri n'elu mmiri, ihe na-eme ka anwụrụ ọkụ 146, ihe na-eme ka ihe ghara ịdị mma 262, na mbadamba effervescent. doses 17 na nkwadebe microcapsule 303.
Mingde Lida, Zhongbao Lunong, Xin'an Chemical, Shaanxi Thompson, Shandong Kesaiji Nong, Chengdu Xinchaoyang, Shaanxi Xiannong, Jiangxi Zhongxun, Shandong Xianda, Hunan Dafang, Anhui Huaxing Chemical, wdg niile nọ na egwu a. onye ndu.
Nkwadebe kachasị eji echekwa ọrụ n'ubi ọka
Iji kwuo na a na-ejikarị nkwadebe nchekwa ọrụ eme ihe, na usoro teknụzụ ahụ etolitela nke ọma, ọ ka bụ ubi paddy.
Ubi paddy bụ ihe ọkụkụ ndị a na-eji eme nkwadebe nchekwa ọrụ n'ụlọ na mba ofesi. Mgbe mmepe ya gasịrị n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ụdị ọgwụ nchekwa ọrụ eji eme ihe n'ubi paddy na mba m bụ mmanụ na-agbasa ihe nkiri, granules na-ese n'elu mmiri na granules (U granules). N'ime ha, mmanụ na-agbasa ihe nkiri bụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe.
Mmanụ na-agbasa ihe nkiri bụ ụdị ọgwụ e ji eme ka ọgwụ nje mbụ ahụ gbazee ozugbo n'ime mmanụ ahụ. N'ụzọ pụrụ iche, ọ bụ mmanụ e ji etinye ihe pụrụ iche na-agbasa ma na-agbasa na mmanụ nkịtị. Mgbe e jiri ya, a na-atụba ya ozugbo n'ubi osikapa ka ọ gbasaa, mgbe ọ gbasaakwara, ọ na-agbasa n'elu mmiri n'onwe ya iji mee ka ọ rụọ ọrụ. Ugbu a, a na-etinye ngwaahịa dị n'ụlọ dịka 4% mmanụ na-agbasa ihe nkiri thifur·azoxystrobin, 8% mmanụ na-agbasa ihe nkiri thiazide, 1% mmanụ na-agbasa ihe nkiri nnu spirulina ethanolamine, wdg., site na ntapụ mmiri, nke dị nnọọ mma. Ihe mejupụtara mmanụ na-agbasa ihe nkiri ahụ gụnyere ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ, surfactants, na ihe mgbaze mmanụ, ihe ngosi njikwa àgwà ya gụnyere ọdịnaya ihe na-arụ ọrụ, oke pH, nrụgide elu, nrụgide nguzozi n'etiti ihu, mmiri, ọsọ mgbasa, ebe mgbasa, obere okpomọkụ, nchekwa okpomọkụ.
Mkpụrụ ọgwụ ndị na-ese n'elu mmiri bụ ụdị ọgwụ nje ọhụrụ nke na-ese n'elu mmiri ozugbo e tinyere ya n'ime mmiri, na-agbasa ngwa ngwa n'elu mmiri dum, wee gbasasịa ma gbasaa n'ime mmiri. Ihe mejupụtara ya gụnyere ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ na ọgwụ nje, ihe ndị na-ebu ihe na-ese n'elu mmiri, ihe ndị na-ejikọta ihe, ihe ndị na-agbasa ihe, wdg. Ihe mejupụtara mkpụrụ ọgwụ ndị na-ese n'elu mmiri gụnyere ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ, ihe na-ebu ihe na-ese n'elu mmiri, na ihe na-agbasa ihe na-agbasa, ihe ngosi njikwa àgwà ya gụnyere ọdịdị, oge mmebi, ọnụego mmiri, anya mgbasa, ọnụego mmebi, na mmebi.
Ihe mejupụtara U granules bụ ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ, ihe ndị na-ebu ibu, ihe ndị na-ejikọ na ihe ndị na-agbasa mmiri. Mgbe etinyere ya n'ubi paddy, granules ahụ na-ada n'ala nwa oge, wee maliteghachi ịpụta iji see n'elu mmiri. N'ikpeazụ, ihe na-arụ ọrụ na-agbaze ma na-agbasa n'akụkụ niile n'elu mmiri. Ihe mbụ e mepụtara bụ nkwadebe nke cypermethrin maka njikwa nke weevil mmiri osikapa. Ihe mejupụtara U granules gụnyere ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ, ihe ndị na-ebu ibu, ihe ndị na-ejikọta ihe, na ihe ndị na-agbasa mmiri, ihe ngosi njikwa àgwà ya gụnyere ọdịdị, oge ịmalite ise n'elu mmiri, oge iji mechaa sere n'elu mmiri, anya mgbasa, ọnụego mmebi, na mmebi.
Dịka ndị ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ụlọ ọrụ si kwuo, Japan na South Korea akwadola iji U granules na granules na-ese n'elu mmiri n'ọtụtụ ebe, mana enwere obere nnyocha ụlọ, a ka etinyebeghịkwa ngwaahịa ndị yiri ya n'ahịa. Agbanyeghị, a kwenyere na a ga-enwe ngwaahịa granule na-ese n'elu mmiri na China n'oge na-adịghị anya. N'oge ahụ, a ga-anọchi anya ụfọdụ granules na-ese n'elu mmiri ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa mbadamba effervescent n'usoro n'ọgwụ ubi osikapa, nke ga-ekwe ka e jiri ọtụtụ ngwaahịa paddy osikapa n'ụlọ mee ihe. Ndị ọrụ ugbo na-erite uru site n'ụzọ e si etinye ha.
Nkwadebe ndị a na-etinye na obere kapsụl na-aghọ ebe asọmpi ọzọ na-esote n'ahịa ahụ
N'ime ụdị nkwadebe nchekwa ọrụ dị ugbu a, nkwadebe ndị e ji obere ihe kpuchie abụrụla ihe ndị ụlọ ọrụ na-elekwasị anya n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya.
Ọgwụ nje microcapsule suspension (CS) na-ezo aka na usoro ọgwụ ahụhụ nke na-eji ihe polymer sịntetik ma ọ bụ nke eke emepụta obere akpa, kpuchie ọgwụ nje dị na ya, ma kwụnye ya na mmiri. Ọ gụnyere akụkụ abụọ, otu capsule shei na otu capsule core, isi capsule bụ ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke ọgwụ nje, na capsule shei bụ ihe polymer na-emepụta ihe nkiri. E jiri teknụzụ Microencapsulation mee ihe na mba ofesi na mbụ, gụnyere ụfọdụ ọgwụ nje na fungicides, nke meriri nsogbu teknụzụ na ọnụ ahịa, a zụlitekwara ya nke ọma na China n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya. Dịka ajụjụ nke China Pesticide Information Network si kwuo, ruo na Ọktoba 26, 2021, ọnụọgụ nke ngwaahịa nkwadebe microencapsuled edenyere aha na mba m ruru 303, usoro ndị edenyere aha gụnyere microcapsule suspension 245, microcapsule suspension 33, na microcapsule suspension ọgwụgwọ mkpụrụ. Mkpụrụ iri na otu, ihe mgbakwunye mkpụrụ maka ọgwụ mkpụrụ 8 maka ọgwụ mgbochi-nkwụsị, ntụ ntụ obere kapsụl atọ, mkpụrụ obere kapsụl asaa, otu obere kapsụl, na otu obere kapsụl mmiri maka ọgwụgwọ-nkwụsị.
A pụrụ ịhụ na ọnụọgụgụ nke nkwụsịtụ microcapsule edenyere na nkwadebe microcapsule dị n'ụlọ bụ nke kachasị ukwuu, ụdị ụdị ọgwụ edebanyere aha dịkwa obere, yabụ enwere nnukwu ohere maka mmepe.
Liu Runfeng, onye isi nke R&D Center nke Yunfa Biological Group, kwuru na obere kapsụl ọgwụ ahụhụ, dịka usoro anaghị emerụ gburugburu ebe obibi ahụ, nwere uru nke mmetụta na-adịgide adịgide, nchekwa na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi. Otu n'ime ha bụ ebe a na-eme nnyocha n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọ bụkwa ebe ọhụrụ ọzọ maka ndị nrụpụta ịsọ mpi. Ugbu a, nnyocha ime obodo na kapsụl na-elekwasị anya na mahadum na ụlọ ọrụ nyocha sayensị, nyocha echiche bụ isi dịkwa oke mma. Ebe ọ bụ na enwere ọtụtụ ihe mgbochi teknụzụ na usoro mmepụta nke nkwadebe kapsụl, ihe na-erughị 100 ka a na-ere n'ezie, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na enweghị nkwadebe kapsụl na China. Ngwaahịa kapsụl bụ ụlọ ọrụ nkwadebe ọgwụ ahụhụ nwere asọmpi siri ike.
N'asọmpi ahịa dị oke njọ nke a na-enwe ugbu a, tinyere ọnọdụ ụlọ ọrụ mba ofesi ochie na-enweghị ike ibibi n'obi ndị China, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ dị n'ime obodo dịka Mingde Lida, Hailier, Lier, na Guangxi Tianyuan na-adabere n'ịdị mma iji merie mwakpo ahụ. N'ime ha, Mingde Lida mere ka echiche ahụ pụta ìhè na ngwaahịa ndị China adịghị mma dịka ụlọ ọrụ mba ofesi na-eme nke a.
Liu Runfeng webatara na teknụzụ microencapsulation bụ isi asọmpi nke Mindleader. Mindleader emepụtala ihe ndị dị ka beta-cyhalothrin, metolachlor, prochloraz, na abamectin: E nwere ihe karịrị ngwaahịa iri abụọ a kwadoro ma na-akwụ ụgwọ maka ndebanye aha na ngalaba anọ dị mkpa: usoro microcapsule fungicide, usoro microcapsule ọgwụ ahụhụ, usoro microcapsule ọgwụ ahụhụ, na usoro microcapsule mkpuchi mkpụrụ. E kpuchiri ọtụtụ ihe ubi, dị ka osikapa, citrus, akwụkwọ nri, wit, apụl, ọka, apụl, mkpụrụ vaịn, ahụekere, wdg.
Ugbu a, ngwaahịa microcapsule nke Mingde Lida edepụtara ma ọ bụ ndị a ga-edepụta na China gụnyere Delica® (25% beta-cyhalothrin na clothianidin microcapsule suspension agent), Lishan® (45% essence Metolachlor Microcapsule Suspension), Lizao® (30% Oxadiazone·Butachlor Microcapsule Suspension), Minggong® (30% Prochloraz Microcapsule Suspension), Jinggongfu ® (23% beta-cyhalothrin microcapsule suspension), Miaowanjin® (25% clothianidin·metalaxyl·fludioxonil seed treatment microcapsule suspension-suspension), Deliang® (5% Abamectin Microcapsule Suspension), Mingdaoshou® (25% Prochloraz·Blastamide Microcapsule Suspension), wdg. N'ọdịnihu, a ga-enwe usoro njikọta ọhụrụ ndị e mere ka ha bụrụ microcapsule suspension. Site na mba ofesi, a ga-akwalite ma tinye ngwaahịa Mingde Lida nke obere kapsụl n'ọrụ n'ụwa niile.
N'ikwu okwu gbasara usoro nchọpụta na mmepe nke obere kapsụl ọgwụ ahụhụ n'ọdịnihu, Liu Runfeng kpughere na a ga-enwe ntụziaka ise ndị a: ① site na mwepụta nwayọ ruo na mwepụta a na-achịkwa; ② ihe mgbidi na-adịghị ize ndụ gburugburu ebe obibi kama ihe mgbidi sịntetik iji belata mwepụta nke "microplastics" na gburugburu ebe obibi; ③ dabere na nhazi Formula maka ọnọdụ ngwa dị iche iche; ④ Ụzọ nkwadebe dị nchebe ma dịkwa mma maka gburugburu ebe obibi; ⑤ Usoro nyocha sayensị. Imeziwanye ịdị mma nke ngwaahịa nkwụsịtụ microcapsule ga-abụ isi ihe ụlọ ọrụ ndị Mingde Lida na-anọchite anya n'ọdịnihu ga-elekwasị anya.
Na nchịkọta, site na mmụba miri emi nke mbelata ọgwụ ahụhụ na mmụba arụmọrụ, a ga-eji ihe ndị ahịa chọrọ na ikike nke usoro nchekwa ọrụ ewepụta ihe, ọdịnihu ya agaghịkwa agwụ agwụ. N'ezie, a ga-enwekwa ụlọ ọrụ nkwadebe dị mma karị na-abata n'ụzọ a, asọmpi ahụ ga-esikwa ike. Ya mere, ndị mmadụ nọ n'ọrụ a na-akpọ oku ka ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ ahụhụ dị n'ime obodo mee ka nnyocha na mmepe nke usoro ọgwụ ahụhụ sikwuo ike, mụbaa itinye ego na nyocha sayensị, nyochaa ojiji nke teknụzụ na nhazi ọgwụ ahụhụ, kwalite mmepe nke usoro nchekwa ọrụ, ma jee ozi ọrụ ugbo nke ọma.
Oge ozi: Mee-05-2022